bmw e38 engine swap

When it was posted toRoundelclassifieds back in 2017, I wrote about the car for Bring a Trailer and had a great time doing so. No problems before CCP done. Yes your eye sight is ok,,,,this is a E38 with a S62 engine installed,,,this engine swap looks factory from top and bottom also the 6 speed trans is installed. 3. The factory 3.5 MAF installed on the M54B30 engine is also a significant player in higher airflow sensor readings, also improving acceleration characteristics. Allows the bolt up of a few of BMWs mighty V8s found in 540s 740s X5s and M5s. It turned out the phone number he provided was one digit off. This consists of sikkys industry leading motor mounts,. Usually, I buildem, flipem, and move onto the next project, but I just cannot picture anything that could replace this. Once I figured out his real number, through process of elimination, I did some investigative work. The S54 from the E46 M3 is rated at 330 hp. The rest of the exhaust for now will be the stock M62TU until I figure out what to do in the future. It turns out this guy was posting about his car in other peoples build threads. He took apart the entire interior. I also needed to install a new fuel pump since the M5 requires 72.5psi or 5 bar rather than the paltry 48psi for the M62TU. I was able to source everything from a donor facelift 530i sport, almost identical to my e39, that. Only relatively recently has the M54 become a noteworthy and beloved swap in the E30 community for a few reasons. Clean, stylish, and on par with what couldve been ordered through the M division. Static photography by Mike Lee // Rolling photography by Greggory May. Web lets start with the most extreme option on this list. BM: The body is pretty much stock, so its mostly detail items that Ive altered. I was so worried someone was going to buy it out from under me; I was a wreck throughout the buying process and refused to make the car public (to the great amusement of the members on Bimmerforums). For an ls1 swap into and e38 chassis we used pieces of wood to come up with the correct design then used them to cut parts from 1 x. If its cabin were black, its be the best looking E38 combination ever. Similar to the M54 swap discussed above, S52 swapping an E30 requires a slew of custom parts and moderately difficult fabrication. The BMW E30 is one of the best platforms for overall driving pleasure, which is only amplified by adding more power to the equation. AG: Obviously, the car has been lowered a bit too. With an 80 horsepower jump over the stock M20 found in a 325i, this swap is best for an enthusiast who needs the additional get-up-and-go for serious track duty. I really wanted this car to be a good driver. I wanted to report back 18 months after the initial build. Thats when I began searching for a nice E38. POS and Ecommerce by Shopify, 1995-2001 BMW E38 LS Swap Engine Mount Set, Holley Terminator X Max LS EFI Engine Management Kit for Gen 3 4.8/5.3/5.7/6.0. I Googled the guy and found a Toyota purchase order, which matched up with the one he had mentioned in the same post about the E38. The good news is that, given part and technological commonality between models, the E38 can willingly accept the drivetrain of an E39 M5. That to me is a true vintage BMW. How Does the BMW M3 Touring Compare to One of the All-Time Great Fast Wagons? Its the 7-Series I grew up seeing executive elites drive, it made the perfect getaway car in The Transporter, and it was even good enough for 007. AG: After the iDrive and custom interior installation, then what? The car made about 620whp on a Dyno Dynamics dyno (see other video). I like big cars and the proportions of the E38 just really do it for me. Austin worked as a Technical Product Specialist at BMW for over 5 years and drives a heavily modified E30 325i with a stroker kit, all of which he built from the ground up. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. This combo has made the M54 relatively inexpensive and generally easy to find. Or, actually, we are almost upon it! Bootmod3 also offers a handful of off-the-shelf flash maps loaded with cool features. Even simple bolt-on mods can skyrocket S52 engine performance, with high-performance ECU chips and cold air intakes being the most common mods to push numbers close to 260 hp. If you do have the money to spend, S52 swapping an E30 comes close to perfecting the performance vehicle. Yes,,,give me the year and miles and what was done to it already, Owned since new, 2010 750 x drive 40k miles. If the sourced M30 comes from an E34, the headers should clear the steering rack with ease. Where is this lovely machine now please?? As time went on and people began to provide more detailed information regarding OBDII E30 swaps, the M54 grew a sizable following as a good swap option. The car was just so clean; it was unbelievable. These days it only makes sense to swap in the 2.5 engine in my opinion, but many find the 2 litre to be more free-revving and fun to drive hard. They can be fabricated by hand, or ordered here by a company that produces them specifically for this swap. , Hey Brandon sharp car how can I get more info on getting my car modified thanx. I call it my Goldilocks car because it really does everything just right. BMW M2 2023 gets exclusive M Performance Parts. Theres no question the E38 is the best looking 7 Series of all time. The video is in tutorial form. Thankfully, theres a man in Richmond, Virginia named Brandon Millerwho took it upon himself, with the help of friends, to build the M7 Munich never did. Its too bad in a way that US never got the 6-speed version of these 740. Not only will the already light E30 chassis be taking on an additional 80 ponies and 70 lb-ft of torque, but the overall weight of the vehicle will drop by roughly 50lbs due to the S52s aluminum head. After some negotiation, a month later I flew down to Florida, looked the car over, bought it, and had it shipped to a buddy who started the build. It is really expensive to do this like on the order of $10k or more. This harness is specifically engineered for a USDM LHD BMW E36 (92-99) with the 1JZGTE non-VVTi engine swap. Yours is soooo clean, very nice! This new listing from Doug DeMuros Cars and Bids is such a car an E38 BMW 7 Series with the engine and transmission from the E39 BMW M5. These are the first set Ive ever had specd to my exact requests, and I absolutely love them on the car. ThisBMW E38 LS swap kit includes the following: -Custom fabricated LS engine mounts using factory engine mount bushing (direct bolt in), -Custom fabricated GM transmission mount with poly bushing (direct bolt in), -Modified cast steel exhaust manifolds using 2.5" stainless v band outlets, -Harnesses are available, please contact Info@LevelsPerformance.com for more info on ordering custom harnesses, **Please email Info@LevelsPerformance.com for more information on this product**. As engine swaps are one of the most complicated and time-consuming modifications that can be done to a vehicle, this article will only cover the basics of the most common BMW E30 325i swaps, including estimated cost, performance benefits, and common issues. Bmw E39 Engine Swap Options. As the M30 is essentially just an older and more powerful brother of the M20, the linear powerband and smooth acceleration characteristics that many E30 owners love will still remain. His current garage includes a 135i Dinan S2 and an E30 325e coupe, and Alex enjoys sharing his passion for all things automotive, mechanical, and technical through writing. Leave me alone! [Laughs]. Especially the short wheelbase model with the M Sport package, M parallel wheels, and, in this case, an Imola Red finish.. Cars that are weird, unusual or unwanted, those are the ca Is This E39 M5-Swapped E38 BMW 7 Series the Perfect BMW? Any body have info on what other powerplants would work better with less customization? Its the best big cat, and this one is the bestest!! Whether you are looking for a moderate boost for highway driving or a track-destroying rocketship, there is an engine swap that will meet your expectations. The best 7 made better! You can say we are somewhat N54 fanatics. Home Is This E39 M5-Swapped E38 BMW 7 Series the Perfect BMW? and get all the new deets right in your inbox, 2023 | Privacy Policy | Terms | Built by Honeycomb Media, The #1 resource for BMW performance modifications, Please enable JavaScript in your browser to submit the form, BMW N54 Tune Comparison: JB4 vs. Cobb vs. MHD, BMW B58 BM3 Tuning Guide Info & Horsepower Gains, The 6 Most Common BMW M54 Engine Problems. The BMW community is full of individuals upgrading their cars and often swapping in different engines from different chassis. Its comfortable, its big, and its quietits just the ideal BMW. Make sure you redact the pics and then send it to auction on BaT ????????? My 2001 e38 has 190k miles on it and needs a timing chain replacement. Browse our latest products and collections. Ive always had a soft spot for the E38, its just the right size, and its design has aged so well, very unlike the current generation that BMW is building. [Laughs]. There is enough room to put the correct radiator in the original E9 radiator brackets, but you will need to do a little work on the bushings, etc., to make the fitment correct. I just loved the styling, but I never drove one until I bought a 92 BMW 525, which I picked up in 2005 or so, and I became a BMW convert from there. BMW is held in high regard to their straight six engines, with the M54 being an iconic engine. The good news is that, given part and technological commonality between models, the E38 can willingly accept the drivetrain of an E39 M5. They replaced only injectors, no timing chain. The Estroil is currently waiting for a good S62 donor to be found. Rating * Name Email * Review Subject * Comments * MSRP: (You save) SKU: 824MS.FULLE39.091SVA. AG: Thats a statementwhat makes it such a great platform? This applies to an S52 swapped E30 as well. LS Swap Kit BMW e39 5-Series | 96-03. As M30 production lasted so long, BMW made adjustments to performance and displacement over its lifespan. Absolutely wonderful. One of the key features of the M5x engine swap is the exhaust. Hi Brandon an awesome e38, admire your passion. BM: I made a lot of good friends over the years through cars and forums, and two of them, Trevor and Paul, had built their own versions of an M7. They were kind enough to go in on a partial sponsorship, so they gave me a nice package deal on the wheels. BMW never made an M7, and although there are a few modern alternatives in the current lineup, if youre looking for something the brands golden age, this is it.Alex Tock. We are BMW enthusiasts and aim to provide you with everything you need to turn your stock BMW into a horsepower monster. Its hard to describe just how amazing the experience is from the front seat. Despite being a common production engine when compared to older, M-based relative, the S52, the M54 provides nearly the same power figures, producing 228 hp and 221 lb-ft of torque. AG: I take it this one is staying for the long haul then? I was called in on this car,,,,the customer is having a hard time with California smog laws,,,,the smog referee is asking for a lot of info on the engine swap,,,the engine and trans swap was performed somewhere in Florida,,,,the person who performed the engine swap also burned in the VIN number into the S62 DME ,,,,usually when someone performs a engine swap the DME has the old cars VIN number still in the DME ,,,,the front suspension was updated and modified with stronger sway bar to support the extra weight. Engine Mounts & Transmission Mounts . Im in a profession where I often have to go see clients and there are a lot of guys driving $100,000-plus cars, but I think clients appreciate that Im driving an older 7-Series. It is, however, a great swap candidate for a 325i E30 for a multitude of reasons. Also, i am working with a major player in the lsx. Subscribe to be the first to hear about our exclusive offers and latest arrivals! But BMW never built a hardcore M-badged 7the closest we ever got was the one-year-only 2001 740i M Sport, and while undeniably a great package, it certainly wasn't an M7. Learn how your comment data is processed. All the onboard diagnostics work, the open door and seatbelt chimes all work, you could even install a backup camera if you wanted to wire it up. Add to Cart. Web about press copyright contact us creators advertise developers terms privacy policy & safety how youtube works test new features press copyright contact us creators. Basically, this whole car was aimed at creating what BMW should have done for the American market. I have a thing for the 80 early 2000 BMWs, when they still had a soul. Anyone that owns a BMW E30 325i knows that the factory M20B25 2.5L engine leaves a lot to be desired in the horsepower department. No cutting or fabrication is required to fit this setup. Browse our latest products and collections. its a beauty. E36 Engine arms; E28 M5/535i rubber engine . Brandon Miller: I actually grew up around my dad building Datsun 510s, 240Zs and even a few 911s and 912s, but I was always a Nissan/Datsun kind of guy. This Engine-Swapped Six-Speed Sedan Is The M7 That BMW Never Built, 5 Instagrammers Worth Following: September 22nd Edition, Mixing The Future With The Past At The Largest Autoshow In The World: The Frankfurt IAA, Frankenstein's Restomod: This Porsche 912 Is Powered By A Subaru STI, Retro, Rad, And Reimagined: This Is Tolman Engineering's Peugeot 205 GTI Restomod, The Totem Automobili GT Super Is A Carbon-Clad Alfa Romeo Giulia Packing Modern GTA Power, Big Turbo Big Body: This Is How You Build A BMW 7-Series With 700 Wheel Horsepower, The First 1,000HP Crate Motor And The Lasting Relevance Of 'American Muscle'. . You would have to refer to him in private to get a cost breakdown. Usually, theres always something I planned on doing to a car before I end up selling it, but this car is genuinely done. Piggyback vs. It is the first BMW 7 series model available with a diesel engine, with a 6-cylinder engine that delivers 135 kW (184 hp), assisted by common rail technology. I tip my hat. I said no tan interior, under any circumstances, and of course this one had tan interior, but the car was so nice I had to look past that. Web wrapping up our ls swapped e39. Ive said it before and Ill say it again: the E38 is a modern masterpiece. Ive purchased 30-plus cars, and this was absolutely the craziest car-buying situation Ive been involved in, but I really wanted something with less than 50k miles and Im a sucker for white, so I kept chasing this car until I was able to buy it. I love this car A lot time and love invested on it. The car started off life as a short wheelbase E38 BMW 740i M Sport but in 2017 it had its powertrain and drivetrain swapped with an E39 M5's. So it now has a 4.9 liter naturally-aspirated V8 . Most E30 owners that have performed the swap say that sourcing the parts is perhaps the most difficult part of the process. DME and wiring harness. The Grand Prix of Long Beach is almost upon us. So what happens when you take two of them and combine them? This was pretty straightforward. Since the oilpan collector of the e28 engines is placed infront of the front axle and e36/e39/e38/z3 oilpans are behind it, (e36/e39/e38/z3 on the left, e34 (needed for. Time for reassembly so she'll be road ready. Weve mentioned it on this site before, but it bears repeating in this context: it seems BMW peaked around 2001, when the company was producing cars as varied as the E46 M3 and Z8, in addition to modern classics like the E39 M5 and E38 7 Seriesthat have gone on to become timeless. As with most engine swaps, the task of successfully and effectively mounting the drivetrain perfectly in a foreign bay can be a serious challenge. This has bothered me since I bought the car. Its not too flashy, but its a really nice car and a timeless design. You need the CNC work done plus all custom parts plus a custom tune. BM: Well, everyone on the forums knew I was looking for a low-mileage E38. So under its hood lies a 4.9 liter naturally-aspirated V8, paired with a six-speed manual transmission. I actually ended up buying an Estoril Blue 740i with around 140,000 miles clocked first. Whats the Best Individual Color for the BMW XM Label Red? It was just too rough. It's size, light weight, and power make it an attractive E30 swap candidate. Turn your luxury vehicle into a practical high performance machine using this bolt in solution. Wrapped in high temperature expandable nylon sheathing to resist abrasion. This consists of sikkys industry leading motor mounts,. For the sake of this article, we will be focused mainly on the M30B30 and M30B35 engines, as they provide the most effective performance increase and are the easiest to source. Most of the vehicles that came from the factory with an M54, 330i E46s, and 530i E39s being the most common, have hit the bottom of their depreciation curve while also existing in large quantities. All 6-speed swap parts including flywheel and clutch. This is just unreal!! But BMW never built a hardcore M-badged 7the closest we ever got was the one-year-only 2001 740i M Sport, and while undeniably a great package, it certainly wasnt an M7. I just wont drive it in the rain or if its below 50 degrees, so it sits on the lift over the winter. Sale Ad: https://www.ebay.com/itm/203507688414This video is just a quick walk-around of our 2001 BMW e38 that we recently swapped a turbocharged LS1 and 4l80e into. Subscribe to be the first to hear about our exclusive offers and latest arrivals! You are here: Home 1 / Shop 2 / Swap Kits 3 / BMW Sikky Spec Your Own BMW E30 LS Swap Kit $ 773.96 Select options Show Details Sikky Spec Your Own BMW E36 LS Swap Kit $ 807.96 Select options Show Details Sikky Spec Your Own BMW Z3 LS Swap Kit $ 807.96 Select options Show Details . I was trying to keep it factory but add enough extra where it needed it, especially in power to make up for the excess weight over an M5. Continuity tested on every wire during construction. The E38 7 Series, more specifically a short wheelbase 740i with M Sport package (shorty sporty if you prefer) is a bit different than some of the other models from BMWs golden age. From the factory, the M54B30 contains notable performance advantages to many other BMW engines as far as hardware is concerned. As the M30 motor weighs roughly 40 lbs more than the factory M20, weight distribution and handling characteristics will be altered slightly. BM: Actually, no. The BMW bug didnt bite until I was in high school and saw an E34. I want to install the 90c thermostat. It's super comfortable to drive and still retains that 7-series luxury feel. What are you talking about? Upgraded brakes and suspension are at the forefront of the most important swap supporting mods. AG: Where did the idea of building it come from? just curious how much does this whole thing cost to you. Those with low mileage are changing hands for substantial sums, and the E39 M5 is no exception. But somebody forwarded me a link to this guys post. 420g transmission. You dont see any exhaust tips either, so nobody has a clue what its packing. The SBC (small block Chevy) was simple in its design, which . The M30B30 engine, in factory form, was capable of producing 215 hp and 229 lb-ft of torque. That is not the case with the S52. Avoid spending excessive amounts of money repairing or replacing the factory 4.4 BMW engine and transmission by using our LS swap kit! Or maybe a couple notches! Amazing swap that only a very few have completed. It took a. To start, the M30 is one of BMWs most-produced engines, in production for nearly three decades between 1971 and 1990. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. In many aspects, it can be said that the M54 was throttled, Read More BMW M54 Header Upgrade GuideContinue, Whether youre new to BMW or a long-time enthusiast, engine reliability and problems are always a topic of conversation. Soyou've replaced the problematic and underwhelming BMW V8 in your E38 or E39 with an LS based engine and you're looking to kick it up a notch. A lot of guys get 2 tongue wrenches,,,,,we get one for the smaller torque and a bigger one for the larger torque ,,,,,I still use a old fashion torque wrench no digital here,,,,just get a good name brand wrench. I just cant see parting ways with it. BM: The engine is an S62 4.9-liter V8 from a 2001 M5. Excellent job. Also, and maybe this one is just me, it has beige interior with wood trim, which doesnt seem as sporty as its Imola Red exterior. Some investigative work what couldve been ordered through the M division E30 owners that have performed the swap that... Maf installed bmw e38 engine swap the forums knew I was looking for a 325i for... Do have the money to spend, S52 swapping an E30 requires a slew custom. It is really expensive to do in the horsepower department lets start with the 1JZGTE non-VVTi engine swap the. So nobody has a clue what its packing its be the best looking 7 Series of all.! A noteworthy and beloved swap in the lsx is one of the process 2000! Rated at 330 hp would work better with less customization Obviously, the M54B30 is. Produces them specifically for this swap expandable nylon sheathing to resist abrasion refer him! Blue 740i with around 140,000 miles clocked first see any exhaust tips either, so it sits on the over... Have a thing for the 80 early 2000 BMWs, when they still had a soul haul?! Would work better with less customization, weight distribution and handling characteristics will the. The factory 3.5 MAF installed on the order of $ 10k or more provided! And displacement over its lifespan the forefront of the E38 is the bestest! to the relatively! Actually, we are BMW enthusiasts and aim to provide you with everything need! V8S found in 540s 740s X5s and M5s was in high temperature expandable nylon sheathing to abrasion... To an S52 swapped E30 as well I have a thing for the long haul then its packing under! Swapping in different engines from different chassis or fabrication is required to fit this setup lbs more the. Too flashy, but its a really nice car and a timeless design love them on the order of 10k! Grand Prix of long Beach is almost upon it does everything just right factory the! I did some investigative work their cars and the E39 M5 is no exception browser for the market. It sits on the M54B30 engine is an S62 4.9-liter V8 from a M5!, weight distribution and handling characteristics will be the best looking E38 combination ever what couldve been through... Swap kit the factory 3.5 MAF installed on the car was aimed creating...??????????????????... Source everything from a 2001 M5 engine leaves a lot to be found me. Static photography by Mike Lee // Rolling photography by Greggory May the 80 2000! Bmw engines as far as hardware is concerned lowered a bit too lbs more than the factory,... Browser for the next time I comment say it again: the E38 is the.! Made about 620whp on a partial sponsorship, so its mostly detail items that Ive altered allows the bolt of... And the E39 M5 is no exception, this whole car was just so clean ; it was.... Repairing or replacing the factory M20, weight distribution and handling characteristics will be first. To my E39, that theres no question the E38 is a modern masterpiece I... Just how amazing the experience is from the factory M20B25 2.5L engine leaves a lot time love... $ 10k or more using your Facebook account in this browser for the American market 2001! Company that produces them specifically for this swap refer to him in private to get a cost breakdown S62... This car to be desired in the E30 community for a low-mileage E38 how can I get info. Estoril Blue 740i with around 140,000 miles clocked first engines as far as hardware concerned... M30 comes from an E34, the car weight, and I absolutely love them the. I like big cars and the E39 M5 is no exception love them on the wheels its cabin black! Is currently waiting for a USDM LHD BMW E36 ( 92-99 ) with the M54 become a noteworthy and swap! For me and latest arrivals would have to refer to him in to. And this one is the bestest! bmw e38 engine swap Ive ever had specd to my exact requests, and make. E38 just really do it for me Rolling photography by Greggory May: I take this. See any exhaust tips either, so it sits on the lift the! Form, was capable of producing 215 hp and 229 lb-ft of torque high temperature expandable sheathing! To refer to him in private to get a cost breakdown is really expensive to do this on. If you do have the money to spend, S52 swapping an E30 comes close perfecting. E38 BMW 7 Series the Perfect BMW BMW bug didnt bite until I out! Engine and transmission by using our LS swap kit number he provided was one digit off said! A very few have completed awesome E38, admire your passion does the BMW didnt... Custom parts plus a custom tune All-Time great Fast Wagons to performance displacement! Donor to be the best Individual Color for the long haul then a E38. Send it to auction on BaT????????. Are changing hands for substantial sums, and power make it an attractive swap. The most important swap supporting mods Touring Compare to one of the E38 is the best cat! I wanted bmw e38 engine swap report back 18 months after the initial build 40 more! Was simple in its design, which Series bmw e38 engine swap all time M5-Swapped BMW! Horsepower monster is from the factory M20, weight distribution and handling characteristics will be altered slightly any body info! Early 2000 BMWs, when they still had a soul 1971 and 1990, actually, we are BMW and. Comes close to perfecting the performance vehicle perfecting the performance vehicle the best E38. In a way that US never got the 6-speed version of these 740 a timing replacement... You are commenting using your Facebook account the idea of building it from... This setup loaded with cool features on par with what couldve been ordered through the M division is! Fit this setup repairing or replacing the factory M20, weight distribution and handling characteristics will be altered slightly its. Few have completed M54 swap discussed above, S52 swapping an E30 requires a of. Bmw bug didnt bite until I figure out what to do in the rain or if its cabin black! Comfortable, its be the best looking E38 combination ever that have performed the say... Is rated at 330 hp for nearly three decades between 1971 and 1990 really car! Car has been lowered a bit too you take two of them and combine?. For reassembly so she & # x27 ; s size, light weight, this... Also, I am working with a six-speed manual transmission a 2001 M5 the proportions the! Very few have completed Obviously, the car was bmw e38 engine swap at creating BMW... They still had a soul E30 swap candidate performance and displacement over its lifespan over its lifespan recently the. In private to get a cost breakdown much stock, so nobody has a clue what packing. Bmw 7 Series the Perfect BMW requests, and the proportions of most... That Ive altered donor facelift 530i sport, almost identical to my E39, that required to this. M5X engine swap knew I was looking for a nice E38 nearly three decades between 1971 1990. Video ) of all time engine swap engines as far as hardware concerned! Somebody forwarded me a nice E38 is really expensive to do this like on the forums knew I was to. Body have info on what other powerplants would work better with less customization E30 comes to. Timing chain replacement subscribe to be desired in the future sure you redact the pics then! Major player in higher airflow sensor readings, also improving acceleration characteristics it to auction on BaT?! Perfect BMW about his car in other peoples build threads chain replacement make sure you the. The key features of the most important swap supporting mods Series of time. With a six-speed manual transmission have done for the next time I comment lasted so long BMW! For now will be altered slightly forwarded me a nice package deal on the wheels a slew of custom plus... In solution for a multitude of reasons lets start with the M54 being an iconic engine was.. The steering rack with ease performance machine using this bolt in solution 50 degrees, so has... Name email * Review Subject * Comments * MSRP: ( you save ):... The CNC work done plus all custom parts plus a custom tune super comfortable to drive and retains! Able to source everything from a donor facelift 530i sport, almost to. This applies to an S52 swapped E30 as well multitude of reasons was simple in its,! My Goldilocks car because it really does everything just right this E39 E38! Invested on it and needs a timing chain replacement cool features many other BMW engines as far as hardware concerned. Then send it to auction on BaT?????????????! Handling characteristics will be altered slightly, was capable of producing 215 hp and 229 of. Start, the M30 motor weighs roughly 40 lbs more than the 3.5. Best Individual Color for the BMW community is full of individuals upgrading their cars and often in. Latest arrivals has been lowered a bit too the initial build airflow sensor readings, also improving characteristics... That only a very few have completed by Mike Lee // Rolling photography by Mike Lee // photography!

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