METAR, TAF and NOTAMs for any airport in the World. The first pre-eruption seismic event, telemetered to the Seismic Research Unit of the University of the West Indies by seismometers 3 and 9 km from Soufrire's summit, was a strong local earthquake at 1106 on 12 April, within 1 hour of the fortnightly earth tide maximum (calculated by F.J. Mauk). It is, however, similar to the second half of the two large historic eruptions of Mt. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. The water level continued to decrease, but at a slightly higher average rate, from 1.5 inches/day to 2.0 inches/day. Information Contacts: Card 1350 (03 February 1972) John F. Tomblin, Seismic Research Unit, University of the West Indies. A series of explosive eruptions in 1979 destroyed the 1971 dome and ejected the lake; a new dome was then built. These earthquakes were more intense and averaged 50/hour; the 23-25 March swarm averaged 1.5/hour. The recent bout of explosive activity began on April 9, 2021. As a result, more than 20,000 people were evacuated. Chemical analysis of Soufriere St. Vincent samples from the island in the crater lake collected on 13 December 1971. Sentinel-2 infrared satellite imagery detected some of this thermal activity during late March and April in the summit crater, though visibility was not entirely clear due to clouds (figure 35). Saint Lucia Webcams in Caribbean Islands - Live Beaches Webcams in St Lucia Webcams - Caribbean Islands Anguilla (9) Antigua & Barbuda (7) Aruba (13) Bahamas (12) Barbados (13) Belize (9) Bermuda (9) British Virgin Islands (10) Cancun (18) Cayman Islands (9) Cozumel (10) Cuba (3) Curacao (8) Dominica (3) Dominican Republic (14) Grenada (4) Sentinel-2 thermal satellite imagery detected a thermal anomaly on the SW side of the main crater during clear weather days in January 2021, which represents the active 2020/21 lava dome (figure 16). Scientists reported darkness at the observatory at 1617; video showed intense and continuous ashfall. respectively. Revegetation of the areas devastated by the 1979 eruption had begun by mid-June. Ash rises into the air as La Soufriere volcano erupts on the eastern Caribbean island of St. Vincent, seen from Chateaubelair, Friday, April 9, 2021. Recorded eruptions date back to 1718, with notable eruptions occurring in 1812, 1902, and 1979. It. A sample of the new dome collected by John Tomblin in mid-May was described in hand specimen as a basaltic andesite, similar to the 1971 dome. Almorales and H. Sigurdsson, Seismic Research Unit, University of the West Indies. The water level is decreasing at an average rate of 1.5 inches/day, as evaporation over the crater lake continues. Seismicity dropped to low levels after the explosion on 22 April and remained low through 27 April; only a few VT, LP, and hybrid earthquakes were recorded. Some of the several thousand evacuees work in the area during the day, but most leave at night. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Why Is a Huge Seaweed Blob Headed for Florida? Surface water temperature near the southern shore of the island is 62C. Water continues to evaporate from the lake thereby reducing the lake level fractionally; the color of the water is now clearer and more translucent indicating that the sediments disturbed by the initial eruptive activity are resettling. Most of the more than 17,000 evacuees were allowed to return to their homes on 14 May, including residents of the two largest towns near the volcano, Georgetown and Chateaubelair. The dome continued to grow during 27 January-2 February. Interpretation. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Recorded eruptions date back to 1718, with notable eruptions occurring in 1812, 1902, and 1979. Basse Terre North East: La Soufriere Volcano is a live webcam located in the destination of Gourbeyre, Guadeloupe. Sorrento - Mount Ves. An eruption that began on 27 December 2020 was characterized by increased seismicity, the growth of a new lava dome on the SW edge of the main crater, crater incandescence, and gas-and-steam emissions (BGVN 46:03). This activity marks the beginning of the effusive eruption and the formation of the new lava dome. Daily satellite-based measurements of SO2 were notable beginning on 9 April. Reference. The SO2 plume initially fanned out to the NE, E, and SE across the Atlantic Ocean. Available webcams . Activity during April 2021. Starting at 1653 the network also detected volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquakes, some of which had been felt in communities, including Fancy, Owia, and Sandy Bay. Frequent explosive eruptions after about 4,300 years ago produced pyroclastic deposits of the Yellow Tephra Formation, which cover much of the island. . A NASA P-3 Electra aircraft, equipped with lidar, a 10-stage quartz-crystal microbalance, and an NO2 remote-sensing instrument, flew through the periphery of the 17 April cloud minutes after it was ejected. The VAAC noted that at 1850 a new ash emission rose to 7.6 km (25,000 ft) a.s.l. Card 1358 (23 February 1972) W. Aspinall and H.J. | February Thousands flee Caribbean volcano. Card 1336 (29 December 1971) Lava compositions; report of activity during 16-21 December. Visual observations and timing of events and processes on the island have permitted correlation of some of the larger tremors with rockfall and lava creep. Confirmed Eruption, 2020 BCE 75 years . A new swarm of VT earthquakes was detected on 5 April at 0638, the number and magnitude continued to increase until 0830, after which they stabilized. The rate of LP and hybrid events dropped significantly at 2000. We welcome users to tell us if they see incorrect information or other problems with the maps; please use the Contact GVP link at the bottom of the page to send us email. A diffuse steam plume rose from the crater on 24 April. Confirmed Eruption, 1600 BCE 75 years Seismicity dropped to low levels after the explosive event and remained at low levels through 27 April; only a few LP, hybrid and VT earthquakes were recorded. Courtesy of the Seismic Research Unit. "The islands which appeared on 20 November have grown in height and in numbers and they have coalesced to form a continuous land mass in the southeastern part of the lake. A team visited the dome on 19 and 23 March to make observations, take measurements, and maintain monitoring equipment. Most of the later explosions were preceded by brief periods (up to 3 hours) of seismic quiet. Gas-and-steam continued to rise from the top of the dome as well as along the contact between the old and new domes. Seismic data are transmitted from field sites to the Belmont Observatory (9 km SSW), which is operated by the SMU (figure 4). The viscosity of the new lava is high so that even if the dome grows to the point at which its flanks overlap the present crater rim, it is unlikely that molten lava will escape down the mountainside. The fact that many of these populated islands are dominated by volcanoes means they can be especially perilous when these volcanoes rumble back to life. The current eruption is a mild one and involves the growth of a volcanic dome. Minor rockfalls continue to take place off the edges of the lava mass, but these are less frequent than in the past weeks as is also indicated by a slight decrease in the number of tremors recorded by the summit seismograph stations. No sub-surface earthquakes have been recorded in this period nor have any earthquakes been reported felt. The lake level has been dropping; it dropped a couple of feet in the last three days. Large numbers of massive dense remnants of the 1971 dome and scoria blocks up to 60 cm in diameter were also found in this zone. In: Latter J H (ed), Volcanic Hazards - Assessment and Monitoring, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, p 292-311. Explosions early on 11 April were followed by widespread power and water outages on the island as reported by NEMO, and some houses had collapsed under the significant ashfall. and drifted E and SE, as well as N and NE. Between surveys on 2 July and 4 August, the lava had expanded 30-50 m horizontally (except on the N side where it had reached the crater wall, 4:6) and about 6 m vertically, to a mean diameter of 820 m and a mean height of 85 m. Assuming 45 sides, its volume was 36.5 x 106 m3 on 4 August, having increased an average of 0.36 x 106 m3/day in July (similar to the June rate). The October extrusion rate was an order of magnitude less than that of late September and two orders of magnitude less than the May rate. Volcanologists monitoring the volcano will need to see if the new magma erupting is more gas rich, and thus more explosive, to try to understand how this eruption might progress. Confirmed Eruption, 2200 BCE 150 years While the N of the island continues to rise, the S end shows little or no increase in height. Two more GPS stations were installed at Jacobs Well and Table Rock on 19 March. The temperature was 46C on 7 May and 41C on 11 May. There have been no deeper or larger earthquakes of the kind which we would expect to see prior to a major increase in the scale of the eruption. A team of volcanologists and seismologists from the Seismic Research Unit arrived on St. Vincent 13 April, and were later joined by researchers from several other institutions. Updated measurements were taken of the new crater, by 17 April according to an Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris scientist. It is completely different in character from the three earlier historic eruptions of the Soufrire, all of which were violently explosive throughout. The lack of significant seismic activity supports our interpretation of the present events as a relatively quiet eruption of a gas-poor lava. The VAAC reported that ash plumes rose to 12.2-16 km altitude throughout the day and continued to drift long distances to the ENE, E, and SE. The volcano Alert Level remained at Red. At 0300 on 29 April, the seismicity that had accompanied the eruption since 12 April ended almost completely, and there have been virtually no local earthquakes since then. The rate of rise of the rocks has decreased slightly to about one foot per day but the rate at which the water level is dropping is still about nine inches per day. The zone of destruction from the 1902 eruption (N of the Wallibou and Rabacca Rivers) remains partially evacuated. Steam-and-gas plumes rose from a few areas inside the crater and thermal anomalies persisted. Max VEI: 4, 1979 Apr 13 - 1979 Oct 26 5 days Over the past few months, experts have been watching the activity at La Soufrire on St. Vincent closely as, at first, sticky black lava oozed out to form a new lava dome at the volcano's summit. The rate of these events decreased by 0100 on 19 April. Shepherd J B, 2001. Almorales, Seismic Research Unit, University of the West Indies. Information gained since our last report gives grounds for optimism with regards to events in the Soufrire and we consider that the probability of a violent eruption is decreasing. The highest point on the island maintained its height of 226 feet relative to the 3 November datum. Conditions were very unfavorable, with high winds, poor visibility, and frequent rockfalls from the flanks of the dome which are now relatively steep. The surface temperatureof this deposit was well in excess of 100C when it was inspected 28 hours after emplacement. Confirmed Eruption The Alert Level remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). all webcams provider's website. Scientists at NCAR, Kyushu University, and other institutions, will search at higher latitudes for stratospheric aerosols from this event. An episode of tremor that began at 1135 was associated with increased explosive activity, though the emissions were gas rich and less energetic than previous events. The composition of the lava is that of a basaltic andesite, virtually identical with older Soufrire lavas such as those at Warbishy River, in the cliffs around the Larikai River, Morne Ronde Point, Campobello Bay, and the numerous lava flows which form the cliffs surrounding the Soufrire crater. Water was sometimes present in the crater, especially after heavy rains, but the volume of water remained small and water depths did not exceed ~1 m. Extrusion of lava into Soufrire's summit crater continued through September. Weather radar, wind and waves forecast for kiters, surfers, paragliders, pilots, sailors and anyone else. The sticky basaltic andesite lava like the dome that had been forming at La Soufrire (above) can trap gases as new magma rises underneath, creating pressure that can lead to a more explosive style of eruption. Sources: University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre (UWI-SRC); National Emergency Management Organisation (NEMO), Government of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Simon Carn; Reuters; UN News Centre; Montserrat Volcano Observatory (MVO); ReliefWeb; Capella Space; Nation News; Caribbean Handbook on Risk Information Management. Additionally, a new GPS monitoring station was placed in Fancy. The water level is rising faster again with a 38-cm increase in the last 48 hours, but the temperature at the lake edge remains steady at 82C. "[SRU] . Around midday, the time between episodes of high-amplitude tremor lengthened from 1.5-4 hours to 5-8 hours, which continued to coincide with explosions and ash emissions. The plume collapsed, generating pyroclastic flows that descended several valleys on S and W flanks, reaching the coast at Morne Ronde (4.3 km W), Larikai (3.5 km WNW), and Trois Loupes Bay (3.5 km NW) (figure 25). Fresh, hot material is also visible surrounding the thermal anomaly, which demonstrates the growth of the lava dome over time. Table 4. Ash is falling on many communities on northern half of the island. "I have a report that there has been some leakage or seepage at the flank of the cone of the crater lake waters. The small number of flow front rock avalanches observed during their 4-hour stay may indicate a rate of extrusion substantially lower than in late April. The lake level has dropped about one foot per day in the last six days. By the end of May, the new dome had grown to ~500 m in diameter and 60 m in height. Both the 1979 and 1902 explosive eruption cycles at La Soufrire were quite significant, ranking VEI 3 and 4 respectively. Sulfur dioxide plumes reached India. Remaining gas and steam plumes and lahars will be monitored remotely from its base in Trinidad and Tobago. Le Friant A, Boudon G, Arnulf A, Robertson R E A, 2009. This was the 30th distinct explosion since the explosive phase began. The Alert Level was raised to Red at around 1830, and the Prime Minister issued an evacuation order for the Red Zone at the N part of the island, affecting 16,000-20,000 people. The eruption was largely effusive and resulted in the emergence of a steep-sided island. Chairman of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), Prime Minister Dr. Keith Rowley said Thursday that the regional grouping had mobilized to support St Vincent and the Grenadines. Aspinall, Seismic Research Unit, University of the West Indies. The Washington VAAC reported a new ash emission rising to 7.6 km altitude at 1850 that was associated with a thermal anomaly. The swarm was more intense than the previous one, with an average rate of about 50 earthquakes per hour compared with 1.5 per hour during 22-25 March. The eruption continues as before with emission of lava into the crater. Soufrire St. Vincent (also referred to as "La Soufrire") is the northernmost stratovolcano on St. Vincent Island in the southern part of the Lesser Antilles. Small earthquakes associated with dome growth were recorded on 7 April. | May In addition, 40-60 minor seismic events are being reported every 24 hours by high-gain seismographs close to the crater rim. Remarks: Tilt measurements suggest that the volcano began to reinflate in 1981 after the eruption. Contact Us. (eds)., 1982, Soufrire Volcano, St. Vincent: Observations of its 1979 eruption from the ground, aircraft, and satellites: Science, v. 216, no. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Information Contacts: R. Fiske, SI; H. Sigurdsson, Univ. Gas-and-steam continued to rise from the top of the dome as well as along the contact of the old and new domes. Beginning around midday the periods between episodes of high-amplitude tremor lengthened from 1.5-4 hours to 5-8 hours. Rockfalls continue to be frequent. Hot pyroclastic avalanches have accompanied at least three of the explosions. An area of burnt vegetation extended from the dome along the W part of the crater floor. Four additional seismometers were installed, strengthening the seismic network. Sources: University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre (UWI-SRC); National Emergency Management Organisation (NEMO), Government of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Advanced geospatial Data Management Platform (ADAM); Argyle International Airport Inc. University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre (UWI-SRC) and National Emergency Management Organisation (NEMO) reported that the explosive eruption at Soufrire St. Vincent (often simply referred to as La Soufriere) continued during 14-20 April, though at a decreasing frequency. Further, we had just completed a GPS campaign on the island during January 2005, which revealed nothing unusual. Several vents were identified or inferred by emissions points of gas-and-steam and ash plumes. The first explosive activity was observed at dawn (about 0500) on 13 April. This stream is at a temperature of 25C and the Falls of Baleine at 23C. On 9 April 2021 there was an explosive eruption, and the volcano "continued to erupt explosively" over the following days, with pyroclastic flows. An "explosive" volcanic eruption has blanketed the Caribbean island of St Vincent in ash and smoke and forced thousands of people out of . Last Name. Work on the construction of a tiltmeter station at Orange Hill is now completed. April 9, 2021 JPEG. The northern peak was at 216 feet and the eastern summit at 201 feet. Accordingly, SRU did not think it necessary to update their website since it was so insignificant"'a 10 day wonder' as they say in the West Indies, or a 'pseudo-crisis.'" Steam-and-gas plumes rose from some areas inside the crater and thermal anomalies persisted. K-Ar geochronology of volcanic rocks of St. Vincent, the Lesser Antilles. In volcanic eruptions in general the most silica-rich products appear first, when the risk of violent eruptions and explosive activity is greatest. The Washington VAAC stated that ash plumes during 9-10 April had drifted as far as 1,200 km ESE and about 3,000 km ENE. Confirmed Eruption It appears that La Soufrire on St. Vincent. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. The summit seismic station recorded 50-200 small earthquakes per day during July, but none of these were detected by instruments on the flanks. The Dust Veil Index for the 1902 eruption of Soufrire was calculated at 300; the Krakatau 1883 eruption = 1,000. When the summit was not obscured by clouds, gentle but continuous steam emission was visible. Summary of Soufriere St. Vincent crater observations, 15-31 December 1971. The rates of those events dropped again, at around 0100 on 19 April. La Soufrire is one of the most active volcanoes in the Lesser Antilles and has a long history of eruptions with the historical records showing eruptions in 1718, 1812, 1814, 1902-1903, 1971-72 and 1979. The public was reminded about lahar hazards during heavy rains. We determined very early on that nothing serious was happening, since we have seismic stations both on the volcano and throughout the island [figure 3], none of which had recorded any increased seismicity. We therefore expect that as the present eruption proceeds, lavas with progressively lower silica content will be erupted. This may account for some of the drop in water level. No lava has been extruded into Soufrire's central crater since the survey of 25 October. Several vents were either visible or inferred from points of emissions. On 22 March the western summit of the island was the highest point, 226 feet. A third explosive series began at 1835. Rumors of warm water in the stream S of Windsor Forest village were checked by ground observations on 17 December and found to be untrue. Were the Soufrire eruption to enter an explosive phase, this would be preceded by major changes in seismic activity and other observable phenomena for at least one or two days. Bull Cent Geol Surv, 3: 31-43. The rate declined at around 1400 and then significantly dropped at 1600, though small VT events continued to be detected through 1800. 10 April 2021. St. Vincent and the Grenadines Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves on Thursday declared a disaster alert prompted by a change in the eruptive activity at the La Soufrire volcano, according to the. Lava extrusion at Soufrire continued through July. Pele, Martinique, in 1902-05 and 1929-32. Max VEI: 0, 1718 Mar 26 (?) Seismic signals indicating lahars were again recorded. An explosive eruption began at 0840 on 9 April when an ash plume rose to 8 km (27,900 ft) a.s.l. Volcanologists monitoring the volcano will need to see if the new magma erupting is more gas rich, and thus more explosive, to try to understand how this eruption might progress. Sulfur dioxide emissions were identified in satellite data, and clouds of steam and gas were visible from the Belmont Observatory. On 27 December UWI-SRC and NEMO reported that an effusive eruption had begun, which was characterized by a new lava dome in the main crater on the SW perimeter of the 1979 dome (figures 6 and 7). Sigurdsson and Baker went boating on the crater lake on 21 December and carried out a series of bathymetric soundings along a profile from the S shoreline towards the island (table 2). Ashfall continued to be widespread on 10 April; deposit thickness varied from less than 1 mm in Colonaire (12.5 km SSE) to 10-15 mm in Rabacca (7.4 km SSE). The mean diameter of the lava extrusion increased from 820 m on 4 August to 832 m on 21 August, but the highest point has remained at 130 m above the crater floor since 11 August, after 13 m of vertical growth from 10 July to 11 August. Heavy steaming in the crater limited visibility. The Grantley Adams International Airport (GAIA) in Barbados also closed. Seismicity began to increase in early November through 23 December 2020, which included 126 earthquakes described as volcano-tectonic events and rockfall signals that were captured on one reliable seismic station (SVB) located 9 km from the volcano. A few small daily earthquakes were recorded. There are four seismometers on St. Vincent now; one on the rim of the crater, two on the crater flank, one in Kingstown. Staff members of the Soufrire Monitoring Unit (SMU) made visual observations of the crater on 16 December and reported minor changes in fumarolic activity and a small lake on the E side of the crater floor. This part is the "red zone" of the volcanic hazard maps for St. Vincent and upwards of 16,000 people live in the region. Leave this field empty if you're human: Connect with us. Continuous harmonic tremor began to build an hour later, and within 2 hours was saturating the seismometers. NEMO reported that the growth rate of the lava dome ranged from 1.9 to 2.13 m3/s (figure 14). The current rate of increase is 3 ft/day as compared with a rate of increase of 1 ft/day prior to 9 February, representing a 200% increase in the growth rate. Table 4 contains mean values for all available wet chemical analyses of Soufrire rocks, summarized from UWI Seismic Research Special Publication No. Satellite data showed about 0.4 teragrams (Tg) of SO2 in the plume on 10 April, with some stratospheric injection. The resulting ash plumes rose to 8 km altitude and drifted W. Sulfur dioxide measurements showed an average of 460 tons/day; some SO2 plumes were reported to have reached India. "We quickly determined that the reported 'activity' was due to an unusual southerly wind combined with the phenomena of Sahara dust which is common around this time of the year in St. Vincent and which results in very hazy conditions. Courtesy of the Seismic Research Unit. Smaller explosions continued over the. After 23 December a total of eight events were detected before seismicity briefly subsided. Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves declared an emergency and, called for the evacuation of much of the northern part of the island, on April 8 after increasing earthquakes and gas emissions pointed towards something larger brewing. Confirmed Eruption The Alert Level remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Trouvez un htel, un hostel, un appartement ou un autre hbrgement intressant dans une localisation choisie: 2004-2023 GemsNet. This is the first time the volcano has erupted since 1979. The volcano Alert Level remained at Red. Steam frequently rose slightly above the crater rim. References: Cole P D, Robertson R E A, Fedele L, Scarpati C, 2019. Nous nous rservons le droit de bloquer, de supprimer et de modifier des commentaires dont les contenus sont illgaux ou considrs comme insultants. The maximum daily count was 11 events on 16 November. Anderson T, Flett J S, 1903. Summary of depth and temperature measurements in the Soufriere St. Vincent crater lake, 21 December 1971. Another episode of tremor began at 0230 on 15 April along with increased venting. The occurrence of crater tremors was practically zero, with one tremor recorded during the last two weeks. Loss of life was recorded in the 1812 and 1902-03 eruptions when 56 persons died in 1812 and over 1500 in 1902-03. , 15-31 December 1971 falling on many communities on northern half of the eruption... The second half of the island is 62C ( 29 December 1971 Springer-Verlag, p.! 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