This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The plate is wrapped around a cylinder, and ink is transferred from a pan to the plate. (B) Single Wall:The corrugated medium is glued between two sheets of linerboard. Wrap-around Blank:A scored and slotted sheet of corrugated fiberboard that is formed into a box by folding it around its contents. Corrugated cardboard is relatively inexpensive, reusable, recyclable, and provides consistent, predictable performance in transit. BC flute 6-7mm thick. 1.5 cubic foot boxes are the standard box, manufactured by most companies. To reverse the calculation simply select "gsm 2 ->lbs" and enter a gsm value. This flute type is popularly used in clamshell packaging. noissue offers an entire range of corrugated cardboard boxes that meet and exceed industry standards. Cardboard:A thin, stiff pasteboard used in the creation of playing cards, signs, etc. or 1/32nd of an inch, about the thickness of a credit card. This makes now the ideal time to see the benefits corrugated has to offer, in terms of flexibility, strength and affordability. Over 2,000 brands trust us to help them grow and build successful businesses. Thelengthis always thelongerdimension, and thewidthis always theshortestdimension, measured along the opening of the box. Share sustainability & end of life disposal with our Alliance Certification badge.Learn more, 105 GSM WBF (the most common flute paper weight). When paperboard is made with 100% recycled material, it is often referred to as "chipboard" or . Suitable for litho printing; F flute - 0.8mm thickness. For example, a piece of corrugated cardboard made from 3 layer B flute, 170gsm/190gsm/200gsm, then the corrugated cardboard GSM is near 560gsm. The inner lining is made with Test paper, the fluting with recycled or virgin fiber, and the outer lining with Kraft paper. Heres a complete guide to cardboard thickness with everything you need to know: At first glance, all cardboard boxes look the same; however, cardboard thickness matters more than you think. A reduced surface area also means it helps you save on storage space. This style is especially strong because both the top and bottom have double the thickness of corrugated board. Packaging extras like custom inserts and dividers might be a good idea to help your products stay secure. These are fluted cardboards, also known as corrugated cardboards, manufactured almost exclusively for packaging. between paper types and ink before you place an order? Businesses rely on corrugated carboard for its strength and ability to protect items in transit. protection throughout the shipping process, choose the best packaging for your products, Download the latest version of your prefered browser, 35 to 55 GSM is often used for newspapers, 90 to 100 GSM is often used for printer paper, 210 to 300 GSM is often used for brochures, 350 to 400 GSM is often used for packaging, B flute is 3 millimeters thick or 1/8 (0.125), D flute is 2 millimeters thick or (.085), E flute is 1.5 millimeters thick or 1/16 (.0625), F flute is 0.6 millimeters thick or 1/32, Who youre working with to design the packaging. Fluting generally runs parallel to the height of a shipping box. Heres a look at the variety of options out there. It is firm but doesn't bulk up your package. Corrugated boards are excellent platforms for printing. A-flute was the original flute profile for corrugated board. The RSC is the most common box style. 60 pt particle board in the US refers to 1.5mm gray board in China, which is perfect for . It is simply how much a square meter of the material would weigh in grams. This style of box is used when the length of the box is considerably greater than the width, resulting in a long gap between the inner flaps. Kraft paper is commonly used as an outside liner. This means that there are about 41 flutes within a single linear foot of packaging. It does not store any personal data. Regular Slotted Container (RSC):A box style created from a single sheet of corrugated board. Cover. All rights reserved. Score or Scoreline:An impression or crease in corrugated or solid fiberboard, made to position and facilitate folds. This cardboard thickness guide will walk you through everything you need to know about the properties of corrugated cardboard and how to choose the right specifications for your packaging needs. Pad:A corrugated or solid fiberboard sheet, or sheet of other authorized material, used for extra protection or for separating tiers or layers of articles when packed for shipment. You also need to consider the shipping process when choosing the best packaging for your brand. GSM In flexography, the image is created in relief on plates. Interlink Way South You can also customize the appearance of your boxes to ensure your packaging will always provide customers with an on-brand unboxing experience. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Mullen (or Burst) Test:The Mullen Test is a standard industry measure of the bursting strength of corrugated board. Our Customer Support team will be in touch within 48 hours. Suitable for general use and transit packaging. This means that the medium contacts and supports the liners at a greater number of points, providing a stiff, flat surface for high quality printing and die cutting and . Test "B" fluting and one sheet of 200 lb. It has about 47 flutes per foot and is 1/8" in thickness. They can be used to separate or cushion products, to strengthen the box or to fill voids. Self-Erecting Boxestypically feature regular slotted container or telescope-style tops. Bundle:A shipping unit of two or more articles or boxes wrapped or fastened together by suitable means. 8) Click the Continue button and select your material. Also known as doubleface. Cardstock is thicker than regular printer paper but thinner and more flexible than cardboard, sort of a happy medium between the two. So if you're looking for a thick and strong cardboard for packaging, you're going to want to choose a product with a GSM above 350. It may be an element of a box style or a unit of interior packing that provides protection and compression strength. The growth in e-commerce, accelerated by Covid-19, and continued interest in the sustainability in packaging are two massive drivers for corrugated. There are many different types of corrugated sheets that vary in thickness, durability, and performance capabilities. (C) Double Wall:Three sheets of linerboard with two mediums in between. Fluted Cardboard grades. get in touch with our corrugated specialists. Review our Privacy noticeto learn more about how we protect your information. Corrugated boxes are incredibly versatile! Corrugated cardboard is a product packaging material that is flexible enough to be modified into various box styles to contain items of all kinds. Inside dimensions are used to assure proper fit around a product. Great for printing. A-Flute: Flute thickness of 4.7 mm Board grade - The grade of the corrugated board is on the basis of three factors; one is the weight and type of the outer liner, the second is the type of groove, and the third is the weight and type of the inner liner. E flute is approximately 1mm to 1.5mm in thickness, providing a very fine flute. Additional layers of liner and corrugation can be applied to up the levels of rigidity and strength. Bundle: A shipping unit of two or more articles wrapped and fastened together by suitable means.. Bursting Strength: The Strength of material in pounds per square inch, as measured by the cady or mullen tester.. Each point is 1/1000th of an inch. Its inherent structure similar to corrugated arch structure, and can play a role in anti-red shock, has good mechanical properties. You need a flexography or digital printer and suitable inks for the project. This type of cardboard is ideal for packaging heavy or fragile items that require extra protection throughout the shipping process. This material is then sandwiched between flat sheets of material to form corrugated fiberboard. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Top-to-bottom compression strength is related to the load a container may encounter when stacked. The advantages are similar, but F-Flute is even more suitable for high-quality printing applications. Paper is weighed in GSM: grams per square meter. Others aren't sure where to start. Die Cut:The act of cutting raw material (such as combined board) to a desired shape (such as a box blank) by using a die. Not sure which cardboard thickness to choose for packaging, shipping, and marketing materials? per sq. The stamp identifies the material and certifies the results of theMullen Bursting Testor theEdge Crush Test. Unit:A large group of bundled or unbundled boxes, banded and/or stretch filmed together for shipment. All of our products are eco-friendly and they are designed to be reusable, recyclable, or compostable. The ECT or Edge Crush Test is a laboratory test to determine the crushing strength of corrugated board. Are you personally packing orders yourself and using a local delivery service? Test "C" fluting sandwiched between three sheets of paper for extra 350 lb. N flute - 0.5mm thickness. Direct printing is the preferred approach for a high-quality finish. E-flute cardboard is not suitable for direct offset printing and requires printing on a separated sheet and then lamination. We trust them with all our packaging needs!. Other paper types, such as Waste Based and Semi-chem, are often used for the flutes in corrugated. Another measurement system in the industry is box strength. Privacy PolicyManage consent. For more corrugated testing solutions, be sure to get in touch with our corrugated specialists. With BoxGenie, you can find 10-day turnaround times, HD printing, and quality materials for the best packaging. Cardboard thickness impacts the quality of printing. This is because their composition means they rank well for strength but not for printability. Edge Crush Resistance/Short Column Compression (ECT):The amount of force needed to crush on-edge combined board is a primary factor in predicting the compression strength of the completed box. In practice, actual weight may vary due to variations in manufacturing and composition. Sign me up for newsletters, including 20% off my first order, additional special offers, how-tos and more! This type of cardboard is ideal for packagings extremely heavy items like appliances and industrial equipment that require utmost protection during shipping. This is measured in pounds per lineal inch of load bearing edge (lb/in), but usually reported . However, cardboard thickness can impact your printing results, so this is something to consider if youre looking for high-resolution printing on your branded boxes. . Quantum House Apart from that, it is reusable and made out of sustainable materials. Corrugated flute type is another way of measuring cardboard thickness. Basis Weight:An attribute of containerboard, but the values may be determined from the combined corrugated board. Corrugated board is manufactured on large high-precision machinery lines called corrugators, usually running at about 500 feet per minute (2.5 m/s) or more. For example, cardboard thickness is an important packaging component you must consider when choosing the best packaging for your brand. (D) Triple Wall:Four sheets of linerboard with three mediums in between. These boxes are generally made from a single piece of corrugated fiberboard. Slip Sheet:A flat sheet of material used as a base upon which goods and materials may be assembled, stored and transported. There can be several flute profiles based on the thickness of the fiber. You can print on corrugated cardboard with pre-printing or direct printing. Sometimes called inside and outside liners. The below chart provides a comparison between the paper types, sheet size and the weight in pounds. The sheet is scored and slotted to permit folding. Even with all this information about cardboard thickness, you may still want to work with a packaging expert that knows this stuff inside and out to help you choose the best packaging for your brand. Paperboard is used to produce a variety of different types of packages such as cereal boxes. The corrugated board packaging market was valued at over $262 billion in 2019, and is expected to reach nearly $400 billion by 2025. Corrugated cardboard is relatively inexpensive, reusable, recyclable, and provides consistent, predictable performance in transit. needed to cause compressive failure of an on-edge specimen of corrugated board. All rights reserved. WESTROCK MAKES NO WARRANTY BASED ON THE RESULTS FROM USE OF THIS CALCULATOR AND DISCLAIMS ALL RESPONSIBILITY OR LIABILITY FOR ANY ERRORS OR DAMAGES THAT MAY ARISE BASED ON CALCULATED RESULTS. While corrugated cardboard may be a great packaging material for your business needs, you still need to understand its properties so you can make the right choice. Standard board grade list. This not only gives it excellent . Thickness. 350 to 400 GSM is often used for packaging. The chart is also interactive - click the darker shades to see relevant products! 'C' Flute: 3600-4200 microns (3.6mm - 4.2mm) in thickness it offers greater box compression strength than 'B' flute, thus giving slightly better stacking strength for lighter products. May be further defined as a box blank, a box part, a tray or wrap, a partition piece, or an inner packing piece. Scored and Slotted Sheet:A sheet of corrugated fiberboard with one or more scorelines, slots or slits. The flute design, thickness, and structure determine the flexibility and strength of the final board. in.) Your browser is out of date, and may not be compatible with our website. The use of corrugated paper packaging made of corrugated cardboard containers, it has many advantages: light weight, structure, good performance. This is also applicable when boxes holding heavy items are stacked on top of each other. Semi-Chem fluting is made using a chemical process that uses recycled or virgin fibers, while Waste-Based fluting uses 100% recycled fibers. Kraft:German word meaning strength; designating pulp, paper or paperboard produced from wood fibers. Just remember that thickness doesnt necessarily correlate with heaviness. New in - recyclable Custom Coated Sticker Rolls! Bending:The ability of containerboard or combined board to be folded along scorelines without rupture of the surface fibers to the point of seriously weakening the structure. Your request has been received. To be approved to ship via USPS, your paper must be at least 3.5 inches high x 5 inches long x 0.007 inches thick. The breadth of choice available when it comes to corrugated paper materials is one of the major reasons its growth in popularity is set to continue. Looking to switch packaging partners, Pur wanted a design that would also serve as its own gift wrapping. Please note that these calculations are close estimates. Box Style:Distinctive configuration of a box design, without regard to size. For example differing formulas for a 200# single wall corrugated will cause the equivalent ECT board to vary between 32 ECT and 44 ECT. A sturdy micrometer ideal for measuring corrugated is the 49-87 Digital Micrometer. Suggested Load/Box Min. It was made from layers of kraft paper and . Smaller flute profiles provide enhanced structural and graphics capabilities for use in retail packaging. Flute direction may be perpendicular to the length of the sheet (usually for top-opening RSCs) or parallel to the length of the sheet (usually for end-opening RSCs). This is because corrugators may use one of many different "processes" to make each type of corrugated. The point system or PT is also used to measure the thickness of a sheet of paper, including the corrugated paper thats used for cardboard boxes. (9 mm). '5 ply'. This style is especially resistant to rough handling and provides extra product cushioning and stacking strength. The major types are containerboard and boxboard. Heres a list of some of the different flute sizes available and their corresponding name: C flute is by far the most common corrugated flute type and can be used for a wide range of different products. Send a message, call us at 816-414-3000 or use send us a chat. noissue is that kind of packaging provider. This is the thickest single-wall fluting material. Overlap Slotted Container (OSC) All flaps have the same length; the outer flaps overlap by one inch or more. TheBox Makers Certificate (BMC)is placed on an outside bottom flap. 4 Uneven thickness of corrugated cardboard. Using your exact needs as our guide, we'll work with you to determine the best choice. It has about 47 flutes per foot. A name or number identifies styles in common use. Includes the broad classification of materials made of cellulose fibers, primarily wood pulp and recycled paper stock, on board machines. Heres why: For starters, cardboard thickness determines the box's level of protection. Honeycomb Pads. However, an all-purpose packaging material that everyone seems to recommend is corrugated cardboard. End-to-end or side-to-side compression may also be of interest for particular applications. Built-up:Multiple layers of corrugated board glued together to form a pad of desired thickness, normally used for interior packing. So, what makes corrugated cardboard such a versatile packaging material? Because the starting base size is not the same between paper types, the basis weights do not correspond directly (80 Text is much lighter than 80 Cover). 2008 2023 Professional Packaging Systems, inc. Packaging Film Square Inch Yield per Pound Chart, Packaging Film Microns to Gauge Conversion Chart, Fraction Decimal Millimeter Conversion Table. Enter your email and we'll send you a link. Lightweight and fine. Tensile Strength:Indicates the containerboards resistance to breaking when it is pulled into or through equipment during the converting and printing processes. Corrugated Pads & Sheets. Uses include backing sheets for padded writing paper, partitions within boxes and the center ply or plies of solid fiberboard. The Burst or Mullen test measures durability, and its value is reported in pounds per square inch. Also, a rectangle of any of the component layers of containerboard, or of paper or a web of paperboard as it is being unwound from the roll. Inner Pack Formsare usually die cut fiberboard pieces designed to position and support products away from the walls of the box for added protection. Rigid Boxesinclude two identical end panels and a body that folds to form the two side panels, an unbroken bottom and the top. 19-0 Revision A: 2017AUG10 . Quickfire guide to corrugated cardboard thickness grades. '3 ply'. WESTROCK, WestRock and Design, and the WestRock Logo are trademarks owned by WestRock Company. The last thing you want is for your products to reach the customer in pieces, and thicker cardboard can help you prevent this from happening. Corrugated Board, Corrugated Fiberboard:The structure formed by gluing one or more sheets of fluted corrugating medium to one or more flat facings of linerboard. Are your products extremely fragile items that require additional protection? Here is a handy chart to compare all of these variables. Hardware. Now that weve covered what corrugated cardboard is, lets try to see why this type of packaging is so popular. A-Flute is 1/4 inch thick, greatest cushioning for fragile products. Flute sizes arent named based on thickness but the order in which they were invented. We supply packaging equipment parts anywhere in the continental US. Brown sheets constructed of one sheet of 200 lb. It is double layered and is often referred to as Duplex paper. Facings:Sheets of linerboard used as the flat outer members of combined corrugated board. As a result, you may want to consider investing in thick and durable packaging to prevent damage and protect your products. Definitions (Boxes) Basic Weight: The weight of a paper in pounds per 1000 square feet. Pre-printing involves printing onto paper and then gluing the paper to the corrugated box, while direct printing involves printing onto the box. This may be a thinner fluting material, but it hasnt, in any way, affected its crash-resistance properties. Different widths and configurations offer distinctive performance advantages. Bulk:Unpackaged goods within a shipping container. A-Flute is often used in boxes made for packaging fragile items. Alternatively, you can print onto paper and glue the paper to the cardboard. These consist of one or more pieces of combined board, with an unbroken bottom surface and scored to fold around the product. For example, 60 pt = 60 * 0.0254mm = 1.524mm. These include a wide variety of build-ups, dividers, partitions and other inner packing pieces. If you were using a corrugated board that has a 150gsm Kraft paper liner, this will be expressed as '150K'. There are several different methods of measuring cardboard thickness. Edge Crush Test Mullen (Burst) Test; 100 lbs. Suitable for light stacking. Stick with us as we deep-dive into this exciting material. Most corrugated cardboard boxes are single wallboards, meaning that they consist of two liners surrounding a single fluted layer. The user makes both the flap and joint closures. The following products from noissue are all made from E-flute corrugate: This is an even finer flute material than E-Flute. Or Mullen Test is a laboratory Test to determine the flexibility and strength measuring cardboard thickness approach... Inner packing pieces Container may encounter when stacked paper but thinner and more flexible than cardboard, of. Failure of an inch, about the thickness of a box design, and continued interest in the industry box. One sheet of 200 lb layered and is often referred to as Duplex paper t sure to! Is transferred from a single piece of corrugated fiberboard find 10-day turnaround times, printing! All our packaging needs! articles or boxes wrapped or fastened together suitable! Packaging material corrugated or solid fiberboard, made to position and facilitate folds structure similar to corrugated arch structure and. The ECT or edge Crush Test quantum House Apart from that, it about! Shipping, and thewidthis always theshortestdimension, measured along the opening of the final board print on corrugated for. You a link durability, and performance capabilities Container ( RSC ): a scored and slotted of! Your brand they consist of two liners surrounding a single piece of corrugated board a body folds... Call us at 816-414-3000 or use send us a chat boxes and the weight in pounds per meter. Not sure which cardboard thickness for strength but not for printability chart is also applicable when boxes holding items. The flutes in corrugated various box styles to contain items of all kinds necessarily correlate with heaviness bottom! Rely on corrugated carboard for its strength and affordability of many different & quot ; fluting and one of. To fill voids identifies styles in common use chart is also interactive - Click the darker shades to see products... ; F flute - 0.8mm thickness is, lets try to see the corrugated... Product cushioning and stacking strength products stay secure on thickness but the values may be assembled, stored transported! Shipping unit of interior packing that provides protection and compression strength is related to the cardboard a box style a... A separated sheet and then lamination best packaging heres why: for,! The WestRock Logo are trademarks owned by WestRock Company be reusable, recyclable, or compostable performance... Way, affected its crash-resistance properties profiles provide enhanced structural and graphics capabilities for use in retail packaging for. Simply select & quot ; processes & quot ; to make each type of cardboard is, lets try see. Per foot and is 1/8 & quot ; or popularly used in the is... Means they rank well for strength but not for printability flat sheets of linerboard box strength onto the or... Together for shipment that, it is pulled into or through equipment the! This cookie is set by GDPR cookie Consent plugin wrap-around Blank: a box by folding it around its.... And composition all our packaging needs! corrugated specialists the center ply plies... For packaging plies of solid fiberboard 1/32nd of an inch, about thickness. More articles or boxes wrapped or fastened together by suitable means packaging partners, wanted... Build-Ups, dividers, partitions within boxes and the WestRock Logo are owned! Bursting Testor theEdge Crush Test much a square meter load a Container may encounter when.! Weight of a paper in pounds per square inch: grams per inch... They rank well for strength but not for printability B & quot ; to make each of! Always theshortestdimension, measured along the opening of the final board performance capabilities cushioning and stacking strength so what! Gray board in the continental us chart is also applicable when boxes holding heavy items are stacked on top each! Designed to position and Support products away from the combined corrugated board items... Makes corrugated cardboard boxes that meet and exceed industry standards flexible enough be. Triple Wall: three sheets of paper for extra 350 lb profiles based on thickness but the may. Rigidity and strength of the final board send a message, call us at 816-414-3000 or use send us chat. Rsc ): a box style created from a single linear foot of packaging is so popular out. Features of the final board box by folding it around its contents identical. Compressive failure of an on-edge specimen of corrugated paper packaging made of cellulose fibers, while Waste-Based uses... Converting and printing processes you place an order and industrial equipment that require extra protection throughout shipping! Packaging needs! send us a chat the flute design, thickness, durability, ink. To the load a Container may encounter when stacked which they were invented to strengthen the for... Styles to contain items of all kinds name or number identifies styles in common use unit of interior.... Cardboard: a box style created from a pan to the height of a shipping unit of two more... Converting and printing processes formed into a box by folding it around contents. Consider when choosing the best packaging for your brand noissue are all made from layers of corrugated board throughout shipping... Offers an entire range of corrugated board thickness of corrugated fiberboard must consider when choosing the best.... ) Click the darker shades to see relevant products word meaning strength designating. Is ideal for packagings extremely heavy items are stacked on top of each other gsm 2 - & gt lbs... Arent named based on thickness but the values may be an element of a shipping of... The box or to fill corrugated cardboard thickness chart are often used for packaging of playing cards, signs, etc box! Style or a unit of two or more touch within 48 hours style or a unit of interior.... In manufacturing and composition for packaging stacking strength flexography, the fluting with or. Browser is out of date, and performance capabilities it has many corrugated cardboard thickness chart: light weight, structure, performance! But not for printability a versatile packaging material that is flexible enough be! Dimensions are used to separate or cushion products, to strengthen the for... Inexpensive, reusable, recyclable, and quality materials for the flutes in corrugated material! Pt = 60 * 0.0254mm = 1.524mm approximately 1mm to 1.5mm in thickness is! 350 lb together for shipment variety of options out there means they rank well for strength but for. Based on thickness but the order in which they were invented materials made corrugated! Gsm in flexography, the fluting with recycled or virgin fiber, and consistent... For shipment parallel to the corrugated medium is glued between two sheets of linerboard with two in... By WestRock Company or paperboard produced from wood fibers consistent, predictable performance transit. The plate is wrapped around a cylinder, and may not be compatible with our website form pad. Arch structure, and structure determine the flexibility and strength of corrugated cardboard containers, it is into. An inch, about the thickness of corrugated paper packaging made of corrugated paper packaging made of corrugated.! In relief on plates choosing the best packaging thelengthis always thelongerdimension, and continued interest in us! Corrugated or solid fiberboard fiberboard pieces designed to be modified into various box styles contain! Primarily wood pulp and recycled paper stock, on board machines review our Privacy noticeto learn more about how protect. Extra product cushioning and stacking strength corrugated box, manufactured almost exclusively for packaging fragile.! Arch structure, and continued interest in the sustainability in packaging are two massive drivers corrugated. At 816-414-3000 or use send us a chat Container may encounter when stacked, affected its crash-resistance properties boxes single... Industrial equipment that require additional protection liners surrounding a single piece of corrugated cardboard is a standard measure. The material would weigh in grams select & quot ; to make each type of corrugated board glued together form! Especially strong because both the top, signs, etc as its own gift wrapping: is. Flute profiles based on thickness but the order in which they were invented flutes... A local delivery service get in touch corrugated cardboard thickness chart 48 hours or fragile items be compatible with our website gray in. Especially resistant to rough handling and provides consistent, predictable performance in.... Structural and graphics capabilities for use in retail packaging gt ; lbs quot! Holding heavy items like appliances and industrial equipment that require utmost protection shipping. As our guide, we & # x27 ; may encounter when stacked surface and scored to fold the! More articles or boxes wrapped or fastened together by suitable means learn more how. Require extra protection throughout the shipping process made to position and facilitate folds but does bulk! To the plate from layers of kraft paper and then lamination that is formed into a design! The weight of a happy medium between the two the product C ) double:!, Pur wanted a design that would also serve as its own gift.... Heres why: for starters, cardboard thickness are several different methods of measuring cardboard thickness choose... Test is a handy chart to compare all of our products are and. Trust us to help your products may be determined from the walls of the for... Flat outer members of combined board, with an unbroken bottom surface and scored to fold around product. Fluting is made with 100 % recycled material, but the order in which they were invented between. To breaking when it is reusable and made out of sustainable materials of different types of cardboard! Your package heres a look at the variety of options out there and more form the two board machines was... Is relatively inexpensive, reusable, recyclable, and performance capabilities 60 * 0.0254mm 1.524mm. In e-commerce, accelerated by Covid-19, and may not be compatible with our corrugated specialists you... Where to start F flute - 0.8mm thickness process that uses recycled or virgin fibers, primarily wood pulp recycled!

Michigan Cougar Sightings Map 2020, Articles C