A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies showed that heart rate in healthy adults was unlikely to be affected by the chronic use of supplemental potassium doses of 2 to 3 g/day (52). (PubMed), 9. The authors highlighted the possibility that an effect of supplemental potassium might have an impact on bone health in a subset of subjects with low potassium intakes and/or signs of low-grade acidosis. Potassium is an essential mineral found in various foods. Potassium citrate is unlikely to cause any side effects other than an increase in urine. Potassium chloride is a form of potassium for people who have low levels of potassium, also known as hypokalemia. Its used to replenish low blood potassium, to maintain normal levels, or to avoid potassium depletion during specific drug therapies and certain diseases. 2015;26(4):1311-8. doi:+10.1007/s00198-014-3006-9, Chatterjee R, Slentz C, Davenport CA, et al. Weaver CM. This supplement is actually a potassium salt of citric acid (occurs naturally incitrus fruits). Prolonged use of diuretics, digitalis, ACE-inhibitors, furosemide, steroids and several other medications inhibit the bodys ability to absorb potassium, requiring this supplement. Bookshelf WebPotassium Citrate and Potassium Gluconate Versus Potassium Chloride: Experimental Evaluation of Relative Intestinal Toxicity Scott J. Boley, MD ; Leon Schultz, MD ; Solomon Potassium salt is a combination of potassium and one or more other elements. doi: 10.5489/cuaj.4218. BMJ 2013;346:f1378. J Am Soc Hypertens. This medicine must be diluted in at least one-half glass (4 ounces) of cold water or juice to reduce its possible stomach-irritating or laxative effect. Distinguished Professor and Department Head Potassium citrate may cause serious side effects. . Association between urinary sodium and potassium excretion and blood pressure among adults in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2014. Your doctor may change the dose if needed. (PubMed), 45. This content does not have an Arabic version. She is working on a book about historic sites in the West. 1997;336(16):1117-1124. Philadelphia: W.B. You may opt-out of email communications at any time by clicking on Determination of density. of the conjugate base of gluconic acid. ONeil C, Keast D, Fulgoni V, and Nicklas T. Food sources of energy and nutrients among adults in the US: NHANES 2003-2006. WebPotassium is available in different supplemental forms, including potassium chloride, potassium citrate, potassium gluconate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium aspartate, and potassium orotate . Sanghavi S, Vassalotti JA. However, most people will not take more than 100 mEq a day. 22. However effective the DASH diet is, the blood pressure-lowering effects can hardly be solely attributed to potassium intakes (40). 2016;8: E444. Although these observational studies suggest a link between potassium intakes and bone health, they cannot establish whether there is a cause-and-effect relationship. Meta-analysis of the quantity of calcium excretion associated with the net acid excretion of the modern diet under the acid-ash diet hypothesis. We'll first start with the main differences between the two. Accessed 11/19/18. government site. Various mechanisms explain how certain medications can lead to potassium depletion. ChildrenDose is base on body weight and must be determined by your doctor. Dietary potassium intake is beneficial to bone health in a low calcium intake population: the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) (2008-2011). In 2016, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) required manufacturers to display potassium content of foods on the Nutrition Facts food label (48). However, most people will not take more than 100 mEq a day. However, most people will not take more than 100 mEq a day. Potassium chloride can cause confusion, anxiety, uneven heartbeat, thirst, muscle weakness, nausea or numbness. You may not copy, modify, distribute, display, transmit, perform, publish or sell any of the copyrightable material on this website. Water, electrolytes, and acidBase Metabolism In: Ross AC, Caballero B, Cousins RJ, Tucker KL, Ziegler TR, eds. privacy practices. Potassium citrate is used to treat a kidney stone condition called renal tubular acidosis. Your doctor may change the dose if needed. 2012. Hayhoe RP, Lentjes MA, Luben RN, Khaw KT, Welch AA. Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Potassium Supplement (Oral Route, Parenteral Route). Which is extra strength? Your doctor may prescribe potassium citrate if you have a mild urinary tract infection, such as cystitis. Pak CY, Fuller C, Sakhaee K, Preminger GM, Britton F. J Urol. ConsumerLab.com. (PubMed), 8. ", Linus Pauling Institute | Oregon State University Urinary alkalinization with supplemental potassium citrate is used in stone formers to reduce the risk of recurrent stone formation (reviewed in 22). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Potassium chloride is also better absorbed and is generally the potassium of choice to replace a potassium deficiency. 2018;53(5):184-195. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. However, most people will not take more than 100 mEq a day. While increasing dietary intake of potassium may certainly work for some people, there are reasons why your doctor might prescribe potassium in addition. This supplement is also known as the D-gluconic acid potassium salt or potassium D-gluconate. 26. Your doctor may change the dose if needed. 2015;2(1). Potassium can cause stomach upset, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, intestinal gas, and other side effects. Physiological and physiochemical correction and prevention of calcium stone formation by potassium citrate therapy. Gluconate has a glucose content in it. The mechanisms by which potassium might influence bone health are poorly understood. 8600 Rockville Pike Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Potassium chloride is used as a supplement to raise potassium levels in your body. HealthTap uses cookies to enhance your site experience and for analytics and advertising purposes. Dietary potassium intake of 4.5-5 g/day and above is typically considered safe for healthy adults as our body usually does a great job of getting rid of the excess in the urine. These may not be safe for people with certain conditions, such as kidney disease or heart disease. 1997 Apr;313(4):215-9. doi: 10.1097/00000441-199704000-00004. (PubMed), 13. A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. Natural Medicines. Dr. Jeffrey Miller answered Rheumatology 53 years experience Chemical question: Potassium gluconate and chloride are used to treat hypokalemia. Restricted to advanced placement science. Office of Dietary Supplements. In this study, all participants received daily supplements of calcium carbonate (500 mg/day) and vitamin D (10 g/day). Potassium bicarbonate supplementation lowers bone turnover and calcium excretion in older men and women: a randomized dose-finding trial. Studies show that magnesium lowers cholesterol in total by approximately 12% and LDL specifically by as much as 18%. The results of magnesium ingestion on lowering bad cholesterol levels are quite similar to the effects of statin-based drug therapy. Your doctor may change the dose if needed. Overall, whether consuming potassium-rich fruit and vegetables can influence bone health and help lower the risk of osteoporosis remains uncertain (see also the article on Fruit and Vegetables). 1993;123(9):1623-1626. 33. Consult your physician if you are taking potassium citrate or potassium chloride. While the treatment based on potassium, sodium, chloride, and magnesium supplementation in addition to other Ionic reactions. Blood pressure is a reliable cardiovascular risk marker (44). In general, the daily minimum requirement for intake of potassium is 3,000 to 3,750 mg per day, or 30-40 mEq/day. When the quantity of bicarbonate ions is insufficient to maintain normal pH, the body is capable of mobilizing alkaline calcium salts from bone in order to neutralize acids consumed in the diet or generated by metabolism (26). Call your doctor at once if you have: severe vomiting or stomach pain; high blood potassium-- nausea, weakness, tingly feeling, chest pain, irregular heartbeats, loss of movement; or. The main difference between potassium chloride and potassium gluconate is that one is a chloride salt and the other comes from gluconic acid. One of the preferred forms of potassium for a ketogenic diet would be Potassium CHLORIDE. US Food and Drug Administration. For oral dosage forms (tablets for solution): To prevent potassium loss or replace potassium lost by the body: Adults and teenagers25 to 50 milliequivalents (mEq) dissolved in one-half to one glass of cold water, taken one or two times a day. Your doctor may change the dose if needed. Pak CY, Peterson R, Sakhaee K, Fuller C, Preminger G, Reisch J. The .gov means its official. Dr. Brian Staiger also has herbalist training and educational certificates in the field of medical ethnobotany. Potassium chloride is a form of potassium for people who 2016;7:141. The chemical name is potassium chloride, and the structural formula is KCl. Keep from freezing. What is the evidence base for a potassium requirement? Semin Nephrol. For these, please consult a doctor (virtually or in person). Potassium citrate contains potassium and citric acid, while potassium gluconate is composed of potassium and gluconic acid. Why the Relationship Between Potassium and Sodium Matters. Moreover, the potassium citrate therapy was more effective than potassium chloride supplementation in reducing the propensity for the spontaneous precipitation of calcium oxalate in urine. Descriptions. An analysis of the 2014 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) showed an increase in systolic blood pressure with increasing sodium excretion and increasing sodium-to-potassium ratio in the urine (37). Oregon State University Linus Pauling Institute: Potassium, University of Maryland Medical Center: Potassium, Potassium. : Nuts, seeds, and whole-grain cereals (especially oats and barley): Hendler SS, Rorvik DR. PDR for Nutrititional Supplements. Broccoli. (PubMed), 29. Some salt substitutes can be high in potassium. Chronic hypertension damages the heart, blood vessels, and kidneys, thereby increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke, as well as hypertensive kidney disease (34, 35). Electrolyte imbalance (high or low sodium, chloride, or carbon dioxide in the blood) or Heart disease or Kidney diseaseUse with caution. Lemann J, Jr., Pleuss JA, Gray RW. Potassium chloride contains 52.44% potassium by mass (which is calculated from the total molecular weight of potassium chloride). Careers. Potassium Gluconate It is the potassium salt of the conjugate base of gluconic acid (an organic compound) that is made from glucose (sugar) by fermentation and subsequent neutralization with a potassium source. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The blood pressure-lowering effect of supplemental potassium was more pronounced when the analysis was restricted to individuals with hypertension: systolic and diastolic blood pressure were found to be reduced by 6.8 mm Hg and 4.6 mm Hg, respectively (41). Accessed 11/19/18. What Is Potassium? A review of CLU Working Group. Select one or more newsletters to continue. The usual dose is 2 to 3 mEq per kilogram (kg) (0.9 to 1.36 mEq per pound) of body weight taken in smaller doses during the day. Other differences between the two include: Converting Potassium Chloride To Potassium Gluconate. Int J Cardiol. 1995;268(4 Pt 2):R825-837. Some tablets may be broken or crushed and sprinkled on applesauce or other soft food. Fenton TR, Eliasziw M, Lyon AW, Tough SC, Hanley DA. All rights reserved. It metabolizes quickly to reduce the acid level in urine and decrease the formation of kidney stones. This medicine may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions. Adv Nutr 2013;4:368S-77S. Dr. wrote Rx for potassium citrate? I discuss this in more detail in the sections below. In a more recent meta-analysis of 16 studies, the highest versus lowest dietary potassium intake was found to be associated with a 13% lower risk of stroke after multiple adjustments (including for blood pressure) (17). So, you would need to take around 4,700 mg of your potassium gluconate supplement to equal the amount of elemental potassium (~780 mg) in your 20 mEq potassium chloride pill. Potassium citrate is a urinary alkalinizer. Because it can keep the acidity of the soda at a specified pH level, this supplement is typically used in sodas as a buffering agent. I'm confused about the difference between all the different types of Mucinex products out there. (PubMed), 16. The site is secure. Copyright: Merative US L.P. 1973, 2023. Their activity has been estimated to account for 20%-40% of the resting energy expenditure in a typical adult. Note Department of Nutrition Science The best source of this mineral is fruits and vegetables. Your body uses potassium to help your heart, muscles, kidneys, nerves and digestive system work properly. Available at: https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com. For oral dosage form (powder for solution): Adults and teenagers15 to 25 mEq dissolved in four to six ounces of cold water, taken two or four times a day. Your doctor may change the dose if needed. Too much or too little potassium can cause serious and life-threatening health problems. The FNB did not find sufficient evidence to determine an Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) and derive a Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA); instead, they established an adequate intake (AI) based on median intakes in generally healthy people (Table 1) (9). Symptoms of hyperkalemia may include tingling of the hands and feet, muscular weakness, and temporary paralysis. The following information includes only the average doses of these medicines. Potassium chloride is also Citrate uses a differnt salt. Saunders Company; 2000:686-710. The easiest way to lookup drug information, identify pills, check interactions and set up your own personal medication records. However, most people will not take more than 100 mEq a day. (PubMed), 28. Lancet. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. November 2016. Findings suggested some evidence of a greater effect when baseline potassium intake was less than 3,510 mg/day (vs. 3,510 mg/day [90 mmol]) (42). Can potassium gluconate and lemon juice be substituted for 10 meq ( 4 a day) of potassium citrate . For oral dosage form (liquid for solution): Adults and teenagers20 milliequivalents (mEq) mixed into one-half glass of cold water or juice, taken two to four times a day. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2014:102-132. Potassium chloride is used as a supplement to raise potassium levels in your body. Because many individuals in the population consume potassium in amounts that are well below the AI and because underconsumption of potassium is linked with adverse health effects, potassium has been recognized as a "nutrient of public health concern" in the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. 1999;19(5):487-493. The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for potassium have been recently revised by the Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) of the National Academy of Medicine. [Your name] is not affiliated or endorsed by the Linus Pauling Institute or Oregon State University. Potassium gluconate has been reported to be more palatable than potassium chloride. However, most people will not take more than 100 mEq a day. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Subscribe to Drugs.com newsletters for the latest medication news, new drug approvals, alerts and updates. 2016 Nov-Dec;10(11-12):E347-E358. 2017;2(19):e94920. For more information on the nutrient content of foods, search USDA's FoodData Central (49). FoodData Central, 2019. fdc.nal.usda.gov. Hoy MK, Goldman JD. Urinary saturation of calcium oxalate and brushite decreased but not as much as the decrement in urinary calcium because of reduced citrate-calcium complexation. It is also used to prevent kidney stones that may occur with gout. More than half of the bodys magnesium is in the bones. He graduated from the University At Buffalo with a Doctor of Pharmacy degree in 2010. Potassium is an essential mineral that is classified as an electrolyte. (PubMed). Modern (Western) diets tend to be relatively low in sources of alkali (fruit and vegetables) and high in sources of acid (fish, meat, and cheese) (25). The effectiveness of potassium citrate as a potassium supplement was compared to that of potassium chloride in 13 patients with calcium nephrolithiasis treated with thiazide. A prospective study of dietary calcium and other nutrients and the risk of symptomatic kidney stones. Potassium citrate is an alkalizing agent. Taking potassium with meals or taking a microencapsulated form of potassium may reduce gastrointestinal side effects (50). Oncologist Rx'd potassium chloride capsules, 600 mg (8 MEq). Potassium citrate is used to treat a kidney stone condition called renal tubular acidosis. Adults and teenagers5 to 10 mEq taken two to four times a day. Experimental evaluation of relative intestinal toxicity. However, potassium gluconate contains less elemental Dietary protein and potassium, diet-dependent net acid load, and risk of incident kidney stones. For long-acting oral dosage forms (liquid for solution): Adults and teenagers20 mEq mixed into one-half glass of cold water or juice, taken one to four times a day. Thanks. Corticoids cause sodium retention that leads to a compensatory increase in urinary potassium excretion. Cogswell ME, Loria CM, Terry AL, et al. The information contained on this site is for informational purposes only, and should not be used as a substitute for the advice of a professional health care provider. I was tasked with comparing Advair, Breo and Trelegy. Nuts, seeds, and dairy products are also good sources of potassium. The richest sources of potassium are fruit and vegetables. Potassium gluconate, a chemical combination of potassium and glucose, is one of the most frequently prescribed minerals. Taking too much potassium can cause serious side effects like heart arrhythmias. The Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine recommends that adults consume 4,700 milligrams of potassium per day. Experimental evaluation of relative intestinal toxicity. The usual dose is 2 to 3 mEq per kg (0.9 to 1.36 mEq per pound) of body weight taken in smaller doses during the day. There is no evidence that potassium supplements are useful in the treatment of high blood pressure. A 2015 meta-analysis of 15 randomized controlled trials, including 917 individuals, assessed the effects of increased potassium intake, mostly in the form of potassium chloride (KCl) supplements, on blood pressure (41). Do not crush or chew the capsule. Tylenol Arthritis Vs. Tylenol Extra Strength: What Is The Difference? Get answers from Nephrologists and top U.S. doctors, Our doctors evaluate, diagnose, prescribe, order lab tests, and recommend follow-up care. An important distinction however, is that studies do show that increasing your dietary intake of potassium is effective in preventing hypokalemia. DASH Collaborative Research Group. Am J Physiol. (PubMed), 46. 49. Video chat with a U.S. board-certified doctor 24/7 in a minute. We found that KCl supplementation for 4 weeks induced a significant reduction in nighttime SBP compared with placebo (116 12 vs 121 15 mm Hg, respectively, p <0.01 vs placebo), whereas KMgCit and KCit had no significant effect in the same subjects (118 11 and 119 13 mm Hg, respectively, p >0.1 vs placebo). The balance of potassium and sodium is critical for normal cell functioning. 2017;101(4):701-712. Potential side effects of potassium citrate and potassium gluconate include: Taking a lower dose of potassium citrate or potassium gluconate can help dissipate these side effects. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press; 2005:186-268. Please considermaking a giftto the Micronutrient Information Center today. For potassium gluconate and potassium chloride For oral dosage form (liquid for solution): To prevent potassium loss or replace potassium lost by the body: Conversely, potassium deprivation has been found to increase urinary calcium excretion (19, 20). Am J Med Sci. Mayo Clinic on Incontinence - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW Mayo Clinic on High Blood Pressure - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic on Hearing and Balance - Mayo Clinic Press, FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book - Mayo Clinic Press. Comparison of dietary calcium with supplemental calcium and other nutrients as factors affecting the risk for kidney stones in women. Unlike 24-hour dietary recalls, 24-hour urine collections provide accurate estimates of dietary intakes of sodium and potassium (36). Accessed 11/30/18. Potassium gluconate may be an option for those looking to restrict chloride intake. 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Can hardly be solely attributed to potassium gluconate contains less elemental dietary and. Distinguished Professor and Department Head potassium citrate is used as a supplement to potassium...