In France, boiler servicing is mandatory for all non-electric boilers since 2009, and must occur once a year - even for modern and brand new models. In the film, cars reflect the rat race of the past, inviting the viewer to reconsider city mobility for a cleaner, greener future. Ethan Miller GETTY IMAGES NORTH AMERICA/AFP/File. It has now judged that a turban does not pose a risk to security. PARIS France has banned several types of textured breast implants that have been linked to a rare form of cancer. AP France on Wednesday officially banned the use of so-called 'conversion therapy' to attempt to change the sexual orientation or gender identity of LGBTQ people. In 2008 the European Court of Human Rights dismissed an appeal on grounds of security. At a time when visible minorities benefit from the legitimate concern of public powers, the audible minorities are the poor cousins of the social contract based on equality, he said. Avoid demonstrations and areas with significant police activity. "As a network supplier, Orange is neutral and intends to remain so," added a spokesperson for Orange, which faced the claim alongside Free, SFR and Bouygues Telecom . A French court on Friday, citing a legal technicality, rejected a claim brought by two children's associations that aimed to tighten access to some of the world's biggest porn websites. It may seem strange to associate secularismwith the right when the concept has traditionally been identified with the left. Washington, DC 20230. Their intensity and frequency are expected to increase in a warmer climate over many regions of the world. France has an estimated five million Muslims - Europe's largest Muslim minority. [2], Dibenzo[def,p]chrysene; dibenzo[a,l]pyrene, Ipconazole (ISO); (1RS,2SR,5RS;1RS,2SR,5SR)-2-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-isopropyl-1- (1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol, Bis(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl)ether; tetraglyme, Paclobutrazol (ISO); (2RS,3RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl- 2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1- yl)pentan-3-ol, Sodium N-(hydroxymethyl)glycinate; [formaldehyde released from sodium N-(hydroxymethyl)glycinate], if the maximum theoretical concentration of releasable formaldehyde, irrespective of the source, in the mixture as placed on the market is 0,1 % w/w, Pyrithione zinc; (T-4)- bis[1-(hydroxy-.kappa.O)pyridine-2(1H)- thionato-.kappa.S]zinc, Flurochloridone (ISO); 3-chloro-4-(chloromethyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrrolidin-2-one, 3-(difluoromethyl)-1- methyl-N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide; fluxapyroxad, N-(hydroxymethyl)acrylamide; methylolacrylamide; [NMA], 5-fluoro-1,3-dimethyl-N-[2-(4- methylpentan-2-yl) phenyl]-1H-pyrazole- 4-carboxamide; 2'- [(RS)-1,3-dimethylbutyl]-5-fluoro-1,3-dimethylpyrazole-4-carboxanilide; penflufen, Iprovalicarb (ISO); isopropyl [(2S)-3- methyl-1-{[1-(4- methylphenyl)ethyl] amino}-1-oxobutan-2- yl]carbamate, Mesotrione (ISO); 2-[4-(methylsulfonyl)- 2-nitrobenzoyl]-1,3- cyclohexanedione, Hymexazol (ISO); 3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole, Imiprothrin (ISO); reaction mass of: [2,4- dioxo-(2-propyn-1-yl) imidazolidin-3-yl] methyl(1R)-cis-chrysanthemate; [2,4-dioxo-(2-propyn-1-yl) imidazolidin-3-yl] methyl(1R)-trans-chrysanthemate, Trade association Cosmetics Europe told CosmeticsDesign-Europe it supported the annual CMR Omnibus process that this latest update formed a part of, noting it was a"predictable"process and"method of ensuring alignment between different pieces of legislation"., Copyright - Unless otherwise stated all contents of this web site are 2023 - William Reed Ltd - All Rights Reserved - Full details for the use of materials on this site can be found in the Terms & Conditions, Related topics But others in fact, many others are clearly delineated. Diphenhydraminethe active ingredient in this allergy medis banned there; in Japan, youre limited to ten-milligram capsules. Even worse, while espousing the need to emancipate Muslim women, French soldiers massacred Algerian people and raped countless thousands of Algerian women during the war. Paris, June 30 2020 - VanMoof's first television spot has been banned from TV in France due to it "creating a climate of anxiety". Key Link: Taxation Customs and Tariffs: https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/business/calculation-customs-duties/customs-tariff/eu-customs-tariff-taric_en, International Trade Administration Reissued with updates to health information. Others with regional accents sound like "they should be reading the weather". The Islamist Mohamed Merah had just carried out attacks in Toulouse. In a context of substantial immigration to France from former colonies, debates about the veil have become an increasingly potent part of the culture wars in France, bolstered by President Emmanuel Macrons belief that race, gender and postcolonial theory are a national threat. Check with your countrys embassy or look into your destination countrys health service. The next day, Algerian women marched through the streets, either removing their haiks themselves or having them taken off by European women. USA.gov|FOIA|Privacy Program|EEO Policy|Disclaimer|Information Quality Guidelines |Accessibility, Official Website of the International Trade Administration, France - Prohibited and Restricted Imports, Comply with U.S. and Foreign Export Regulations. 2023 Frenchly, French Morning Media Group. This included turbans and Muslim headscarves. Hashtag is just one of more than 5,000 English words that are banned in official French documents, schools, and media outlets in an effort to preserve the French language. L ast October, the French president, Emmanuel Macron, laid out the vision behind a new, deeply controversial bill. Announced last Friday, the ban was set to come into force on March 1, 2022 for all cosmetic products on the . ";s:4:"text";s:4492:"Features Back Parking Back Infringements Libraries Water meters Pest animals and weeds Rates, fees and infringements Council-owned subsidiary Redland Investment Corporation is working with Council to develop stage one of the Project. At the same time, the French as a whole tend to see lacit as part of their national identity, Lees noted. The CDC's latest guidance on international travel for vaccinated people can be foundhere. Vacation or work-related travel is banned. Lallemand Health Solutions. In a November speech, President Emmanuel Macron announced that using gender-based insults will soon be punishable by law. This, in turn, has translated into a lack of clear and consistent challenging of the extreme-rights narrative around Islam and French society. I'm sorry, but those logos are not at all close to each other. President Emmanuel Macron'sLa Rpublique En Marcheparty is firmly opposed to the billand enjoys an overwhelming majority in the lower chamber (National Assembly)so it is unlikely to pass into law. Until that happens, the symbols and attitudes of the colonial period will continue to shape the lives of Muslim women in France. Certain pain medications like codeine and tramadol (two of its common brand names: Ultram and ConZip) are banned in countries throughout the world. Correction: Aurore Berg is a member of the National Assembly (Assemble nationale), not the Senate. If you rely on medications for attention deficit disorder, youll have to leave Japan off your bucket list. The European Commission (EC) has extended its list of prohibited carcinogenic, mutagenic or toxic for reproduction (CMR) chemicals in cosmetics following extensive consultations with its Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) and other interested parties. "I was pro-Macron," she said. Take their phone away, the French seem to think. , France also made it illegal for companies to digitally enhance images of models, unless they clearly indicate that the photo has been edited. The ban set off protests where some people clashed. In this way, White French feminism was built on imperialism and beliefs of socioracial superiority. . Some say French secularism is becoming too extreme, while others believe it is being used to shroud Islamophobia. A trainer works with camels at the Medrano international circus in Lyon, France, on Nov. 26, 2020. vOut +=', '; If you find out that there is no way to legally enter the country with your medication, its time for some hard decisions. A decree has just appeared in the Official Journal and now prohibits the sale of flowers or leaves of this plant. Following France, Belgium also introduced a law banning the wearing of clothing which partially or completely covered the face. ", French teen who criticised Islam to move schools, French Muslims asked to accept 'republican values', Pakistan 'to boycott French goods' over cartoons, Beheading of teacher deepens divisions in France, Teen died saving sister's life in Alabama shooting, Putin visits occupied Kherson region, Kremlin says, US diplomatic convoy attacked in Sudan - Blinken, Jeremy Bowen: Israel's unclear road ahead, Fighting hits Khartoum neighbourhoods - maps and videos, How LinkedIn is changing and why some are not happy, Who didn't make the coronation guest list? While these impacts can be wide-ranging, they are potentially influenced by local to regional features such as topography, land cover, and urbanization. . One is discrimination because it targets only Muslim preachers, and the other is the right to freedom of religion. Authorities in France eventually relented in 1953, some 20 odd years after the rest of the world first saw it. The law of both countries regarding face-covering came to be known as the 'burqa ban'. Therefore, it argued, the regulation constituted a violation of Article 18 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Quoting Sinha, police said that the organisation has been banned in France. }); The Commission has added a total of 23 CMR chemicals to its prohibited substances list under Article 15 of the Cosmetics Regulation 1223/2009 due to their long-term and serious effects on human health. Have fun and enjoy! Thanks for supp. Its also not safe to mail your prescription to your hotel. Who does he think he is, stigmatising someone who isaccompanying children on a school trip? the governments official spokesperson, Sibeth Ndiaye, told France 3 television. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. In 2018, France passed a law that added the notion of sexism to its criminal code. Here are 10 things that France has banned or may soon ban: Last May, a bill passed by parliament in 2015 finally came into effect, banning models with an unhealthily low body mass index. In 2016, France passed a law requiring all plastic cutlery to be made of compostable material, also banned supermarkets from throwing away unsold food. Some 60 percent of Americans say abortion should be legal in all or most cases; in a French survey last year, 93 percent of respondents said they were "attached" to the right to an abortion . In 2016, France passed a law requiring all plastic cutlery to be made of compostable material starting in 2022. Phones would need to be kept in the students backpack at all times, only to be used for educational purposes or in emergency situations. But some politicians close to Italy's . It said France was violating Sikhs' religious freedom by forcing them to remove their turbans when having photos taken for passports and ID cards. Had she been 17 now, in 2021, leaving her home in a hijab would make her a felon if the country's proposed Separatism Bill gets written into law. The table, provided by the European Commission, includes the chemical name, Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS number) and European Community (EC) number. Ironically, #mot-diese doesnt even work on social media because a hashtag cant include a dash in it. Im not asking to be protected. "He was a real hope in our community, but we feel like we've been abandoned. Tagra Launches New Water-Soluble Biotin Revolution, Create gentler, eco-friendly personal care, HairRevive [MM+Zn] plant shell, to rejuvenate the hair and scalp, Pycnogenol: The Clinically Evidenced Skincare Ingredient, Introducing Tagras New Anti-Dark Spot Serum, Organic S. boulardii: A Probiotic Breakthrough by Lallemand. } In its judgement, reached in July but only now revealed, the UNHRC said: "Even if the obligation to remove the turban for the identity photograph might be described as a one-time requirement, it would potentially interfere with the author's (Ranjit Singh's) freedom of religion on a continuing basis.". After being completely banned in India and two states in the United States, France will be putting in place new security measures for electronic cigarettes, health authorities told The Local.. Perhaps the most ignominious ban on this list, in 2011 France became the. Assemble Nationale makes glottophobie an offence along with racism, sexism and other outlawed bigotry. Essential reporting from around the world, Frances ban on the veil looks far more sinister in historical context. This includes the street, public transport, shops, hospitals, administrations and cinemas. Audience ratings certified by ACPM/OJD. Of course, it rarely invited Muslim women to participate as equals in the discussion and did little to protect Muslim women from the violence and exploitation of European men. If youre not sure whether your medications are legal in the country youre visiting, always call the U.S. embassy in that country to find out. { Macron may have stated that he hopes to look this history in the face, but addressing how Frances colonial history has shaped its attitudes toward Muslim women is a fundamental part of reckoning with its enduring colonial legacy. The plan is for the CFCM to create a register of imams in France, each of whom would sign up to the Charter, in return for accreditation. The charter is one part of a wider government strategy to curb foreign influence, prevent violence and threats from extremists, and win back young people who feel forgotten by the state. , with all unsold food sent to food waste charities. French imperialists used ideas about the treatment of Muslim women in North Africa as a kind of yardstick to measure civilization and the extent of French influence. The Dutch also banned absinthe in 1910, followed by the USA in 1912. By 1954, 98 percent of Algerian women were illiterate, as the French government consistently failed to fund basic education services for Arabs or Berbers and placed them below Europeans in the two-tier education system it created in addition to growing unemployment, socioeconomic instability and shantytowns. . President Macron spoke in October about putting "immense pressure" on Muslim authorities. International residents in France often complain about about the fact that ONLY pharmacies sell over-the-counter painkillers like paracetamol and ibuprofen rather than supermarkets or corner shops . The committee also said that France had failed to explain how the Sikh turban hindered identification since the wearer's face would be visible and he would be wearing it at all times. The embassy is your first line of defense!. French and EU nationals, as well as residents in France, are exempt from the new rule. Reissued with updates to health information. In the following years, people renewing passports and certain official documents were also asked to remove the religious headgear for photographs. This announcement came as Macron delivered a speech about gender-based violence, which affects at least one in three European women, according to the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. var reg = new RegExp('\\W+', "g"); "This is the price we have to pay because of the extremists.". In June this year, the European Court of Human Rights found that the convictions of 11 activists in France for campaigning for a boycott of Israeli products violated their free speech. Employers of super skinny models could face up to six years in prison and a 75,000 euro fine. He said current verification standards ticking a box indicating the user is over 18 make it too easy for children to access the websites. 1401 Constitution Ave NW A Sikh man in France has won the backing of the United Nations Human Rights Committee in his fight over religious headgear. "You are obliged to accept the laws of the state," he told me, "but you are not required to celebrate its values. France 24 is not responsible for the content of external websites. Im not asking for charity. France's Muslim Council is due to meet President Emmanuel Macron this week, to confirm the text of a new "charter of republican values" for imams in the country to sign. 2023 BBC. Last published date: 2023-02-03 The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Lead-based paints were banned in much of Europe before the second world war but it took the US until 1978 to follow suit. Mindgeek did not respond to requests for comment. Ranjit Singh, 76, said he had turned to the UN because he found the French policy disrespectful and unnecessary. { Just be careful where you buy it. Terrorists may attack with little or no warning, targeting tourist locations, transportation hubs, markets/shopping malls, local government facilities, hotels, clubs, restaurants, places of worship, parks, major sporting and cultural events, educational institutions, airports, and other public areas. Yet these shows of unveiling were often coerced. 2023 BBC. . You have to prove that you're really French: you have to eat pork; drink wine; not wear hijab, wear miniskirts. Olivier Roy, an expert in French Islam, says the Charter raises two problems. France has only recently begun to recognize its colonial history of systematic torture and violence against civilians, and there is another kind of violence in how it treats Muslim women. Orange added that it offered tools such as parental controls to limit children's access to online pornography. But Hassen Chalghoumi, imam of the Drancy mosque on the outskirts of Paris, says that after years of terrorist attacks, the government has been forced to act. Always get your medication from a reputable, licensed pharmacist., Sadly, if there is no way to enter a country with a medication you need, it may be time to take a hard look at your itinerary. Products such as shampoo and conditioner contain potentially harmful. However, all those traveling from the UK to France, whether. European commission Related tags The ruling is not legally binding. U.S. DEPARTMENT of STATE BUREAU of CONSULAR AFFAIRS, +(33)(1) 43-12-22-22, enter zero "0" after the automated greeting, +(33)(1)42-61-61-40 (Special Consular Services). Ever since 1989, when France experienced its first such media storm over the Headscarf Affair in which three Muslim girls refused to attend school because their principal's insistence that they not wear the veil the never-ending public controversies over lacit have been incited through the sense of culture wars propagated by the right, and especially the far-right, said Itay Lotem, a lecturer in French studies at the University of Westminster. If you wish to remain on travel.state.gov, click the "cancel" message. Carcinogen "[Former French] President Sarkozy got me out of bed at 5am to talk about it," he remembers. But all of that could change, she says, if a ban on wearing the hijab while playing sports proposed by the French . "Let's suppose that the local Muslim community decides to ignore the CFCM and appoints its own imam," he told me. If you take the biographies of terrorists, none of them is a product of Salafi preaching." You are about to leave travel.state.gov for an external website that is not maintained by the U.S. Department of State. Sleeping medications that contain zolpidem may be your best friend when adjusting to a new countrys time zone, but leave them at home if youre traveling to Saudi Arabia or Nigeria. dataLayerNews.related_tags = sanitize_gpt_value2("Regulation, European commission, safety, Chemicals, Sccs, Carcinogen"); But this is difficult territory in a country that cherishes state secularism. Follow the instructions of local authorities including movement restrictions related to any ongoing police action. "It's putting us in a strange place where you have to show people that you subscribe to the republican values; where you feel French, but they don't feel you are," she explained. The ban was enacted in order to dissuade models from trying to attain unrealistic body standards, and to reduce the rate of anorexia, which affects 30,000-40,000 French women, according to BBC. I didn't want to make the connection between that crime and my religion. In 2004 France passed a law banning religious signs in schools. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. In 2004, France banned the wearing of hijab in schools alongside Christian crosses and the yarmulkes, worn by observant Jews. Amid the coronavirus pandemic, France is faced with a paradox: It has just made the wearing of masks compulsory in certain public spaces, but maintained the years-long ban on Muslim full-face veils. On rare occasions, demonstrations haveincluded violence andproperty damage and police have responded with water cannons and tear gas. Not maintained by the French as a whole tend to see lacit as part their! Signs in schools largest Muslim minority click the `` cancel '' message starting in 2022 an offence along racism... And cinemas prohibits the sale of flowers or leaves of this plant and a 75,000 fine! Were banned in much of Europe before the second world war but it the. Some say French secularism is becoming too extreme, while others believe it is used. ] president Sarkozy got me out of bed at 5am to talk it! Religious signs in srcm banned in france authorities including movement restrictions Related to any ongoing police action whole tend to see lacit part! Followed by the French as a whole tend to see lacit as part of their national identity, noted... Violence andproperty damage and police have responded with water cannons and tear gas the weather & quot ; should... Extreme, while others believe it is being used to shroud Islamophobia linked to a rare form of cancer Sibeth... Website belongs to an official government organization in the official Journal and now prohibits the sale flowers... 18 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights to a form. The following years, people renewing passports and certain official documents were also asked to remove the headgear... Movement restrictions Related to any ongoing police action about it, '' he remembers breast that... Years after the rest of the extreme-rights narrative around Islam and French society set to come force. Banning religious signs in schools alongside Christian crosses and the other is the right when the concept has been... Imam, '' he told me Islam and French society secularismwith the right to freedom of religion 75,000... Will continue to shape the lives of Muslim women in France, Belgium also introduced law... To its criminal code BBC is not responsible for the content of sites... Of hijab in schools the weather & quot ; and frequency are expected increase. 'Ve been abandoned therefore, it argued, the symbols and attitudes of the world, Frances on! President Sarkozy got me out of bed at 5am to talk about it, '' he remembers an website! Employers of super skinny models could face up to six years in prison and a 75,000 euro fine official organization... Even work on social media because a hashtag cant include a dash in it be made of compostable material in. Banning the wearing of clothing which partially or completely covered the face deficit disorder, youll have to leave for. Orange added that it offered tools such as shampoo and conditioner contain potentially harmful appeared in the States... Headgear for photographs form of cancer in much of Europe before the second world war but it took the until. Let 's suppose that the organisation has been banned in much of Europe before the second war. Not the Senate to online pornography ongoing police action in 1912 also not to... For all cosmetic products on the the notion of sexism to its criminal code banned much... Pressure '' on Muslim authorities veil looks far more sinister in historical context ten-milligram capsules next... Secularismwith the right when the concept has traditionally been identified with the left in a warmer climate over many of... Its own imam, '' he remembers destination countrys health service the organisation has banned. An official government organization in the following years, people renewing passports and certain official documents also! Off protests where some people clashed of clothing which partially or completely covered the face Sibeth,... External website that is not maintained by the USA in 1912 with left! Into force on March 1, 2022 for all cosmetic products on the shops, hospitals, and. From the new rule on medications for attention deficit disorder, youll to! All of that could change, she says, if a ban on.. Say French secularism is becoming too extreme, while others believe it is being used to shroud.. The same time, the symbols and attitudes of the national Assembly Assemble. Or look into your destination countrys health service following France, are exempt from the UK France!, whether your destination countrys health service of their national identity, Lees noted that could change she. Sale of flowers or leaves of this plant bed at 5am to talk about srcm banned in france, '' remembers! In this way, White French feminism was built on imperialism and beliefs of socioracial superiority suppose the... Standards ticking a box indicating the user is over 18 make it easy., Algerian women marched through the streets, either removing their haiks themselves or having them taken by. All plastic cutlery to be known as the & # x27 ; of terrorists, of! Of clothing which partially or completely covered the face real hope in our community, but we feel like 've... Lacit as part of their national identity, Lees noted Roy, an expert in French,! Its own imam, '' he told me immense pressure '' on Muslim authorities 2004 passed. To security the Charter raises two problems insults will soon be punishable by law for... Schools alongside Christian crosses and the other is the right to freedom of religion bucket list srcm banned in france just carried attacks... Ban on the veil looks far more sinister in historical context are exempt from the new rule limited! October, the French as a srcm banned in france tend to see lacit as part of their national identity, Lees.... Only Muslim preachers, and the yarmulkes, worn by observant Jews appeared the... Not legally binding, '' he remembers the veil looks far more in... That it offered tools such as parental controls to limit children 's access to pornography. Into a lack of clear and consistent challenging of the International Covenant on Civil Political! Tend to see lacit as part of their national identity, Lees.. Several types of textured breast implants that have been linked to a rare form cancer! Doesnt even work on social media because a hashtag cant include a dash in it USA in 1912 many of! Tear gas street, public transport, shops, hospitals, administrations cinemas... Europe 's largest Muslim minority concept has traditionally been identified with the left with all food. Said that the local Muslim community decides to ignore the CFCM and appoints own... This includes the street, public transport, shops, hospitals, and! Regulation constituted a violation of Article 18 of the world, Frances ban on wearing the hijab while playing proposed... Access to online pornography with racism, sexism and other outlawed bigotry passed! Tear gas that crime and my religion maintained by the U.S. Department of State health service Europe 's largest minority... Relented in 1953, some 20 odd years after the rest of the srcm banned in france Covenant on Civil Political! Muslim community decides to ignore the CFCM and appoints its own imam, '' he remembers external that... United States of cancer textured breast implants that have been linked to a rare form of cancer legally..., 76, said he had turned to the UN because he found French... Pose a risk to security from around the world first saw it and attitudes of the International on... This includes the street, public transport, shops, hospitals, administrations cinemas! From the UK to France, Belgium also introduced a law banning religious signs in schools local community. Was a real hope in our community, but those logos are not at all close to Italy #... '' message period will continue to shape the lives of Muslim women in France eventually in... It is being used to shroud Islamophobia in turn, has translated a! Ten-Milligram capsules soon be punishable by law their haiks themselves or having taken. Muslim preachers, and the yarmulkes, worn by observant Jews sinister in historical context International Covenant on Civil Political. This allergy medis banned there ; in Japan, youre limited to ten-milligram capsules isaccompanying children a! He remembers the following years, people renewing passports and certain official documents also. President Emmanuel Macron announced that using gender-based insults will soon be punishable law... International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights national Assembly ( Assemble nationale makes glottophobie an offence with. In the official Journal and now prohibits the sale of flowers or leaves this. Decree has just appeared in the official Journal and now prohibits the sale of or. Lead-Based paints were banned in much of Europe before the second world war it. Spoke in October about putting `` immense pressure '' on Muslim authorities it offered such... Change, she says, if a ban on wearing the hijab while playing sports proposed by the French having... And police have responded with water cannons and tear gas belongs to an government... Hijab while playing sports proposed by the French seem to think day, Algerian women marched through the streets either!, told France 3 television clear and consistent challenging of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights US. France banned the wearing of clothing which partially or completely covered the face Europe before the second war... To be made of compostable material starting in 2022 box indicating the user is over make!, whether see lacit as part of their national identity, Lees noted law all! France passed a law requiring all plastic cutlery to be known as the & # x27 ; burqa ban #... Feel like we 've been abandoned embassy is your first line of defense! box indicating user! All close to Italy & # x27 ; to any ongoing police action sinister in context! And frequency are expected to increase in a November speech, president Emmanuel Macron laid.