and Maria Anna of Bavaria; elected King of the Romans, December 1636; succedeed his father on the imperial throne, February 1637. [71] He stayed neutral in the family feud, which enabled him to mediate between the two brothers. In 1600, Ferdinand married Maria Anna of Bavaria (15741616), daughter of Duke William V of Bavaria. On this day, August 28, 1619, seven powerful men came to a unanimous decision. [30] He ordered the expulsion of all Protestant pastors and teachers from Styria, Carinthia and Carniola on 13 September, emphasizing that he was the "general overseer of all ecclesiastical foundations in his hereditary lands". A person of moderate talents and willpower, he nevertheless exerted a strong influence on the events of his time by his strict and uncompromising religious policy. [66] Schoppe argued that the alliance was to guarantee the Religious Peace, but he also demanded the restoration of Catholicism in all former ecclesiastic principalities and the return of the confiscated Church lands. Join. [130] Christian of Brunswick was dispatched to invade Bohemia from the north, while Bethlen attacked from the east,[153] but Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly routed Brunswick in the Battle of Stadtlohn on 23 August 1623. [33] Due to his firm actions, no riots broke out when the leaders of the Protestant community left Graz on 29 September. He was the leading champion of the Catholic Counter-Reformation and of absolutist rule in the Thirty Years War. [73] They decided to support Matthias's election as King of the Romans (which could have secured his right to succeed Rudolph II), but the three ecclesiastical electors opposed the plan because of Matthias's concessions to the Protestants in Hungary, Austria and Bohemia. Ferdinand regarded the regulation of religious issues as a royal prerogative and introduced strict Counter-Reformation measures from 1598. By promoting the Counter-Reformation, Ferdinand II set the course of Austrian Habsburg policy for the next century. Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria (1614-1662). Birth of H.I. Mai 1603), Erzherzog von sterreich * Johann Karl (* 1. April 1632 wurde dieser erneut zum Generalissimus" ernannt, mit dem alleinigen Recht, die kaiserliche Armee zu kommandieren, und errang bei Nrnberg und Ltzen wichtige Erfolge. [citation needed], A period of minor operations followed. He confiscated the estates of the rebel magnates, reduced the Diet to impotence by a new constituent ordinance (1627), and forcibly catholicized Bohemia. (* 9. [162] Wallenstein, who had accumulated immeasurable wealth in Bohemia, offered to hire mercenaries for him, but Ferdinand still hesitated. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for COOMODEL SE106 1/6 Scale Ferdinand II of Holy Roman Emoire Figure Chain Armor at the best online prices at eBay! Quellen und Volltexte, * Druckschriften von und ber Ferdinand II. Ferdinand was born on March 10, 1503, in Alcal de Henares, Spain. Father of Christine von Habsburg, Erzherzogin; Karl von Habsburg, Erzherzog; Ferdinand III von Habsburg, Kaiser; H.I. Filed under: Holy Roman Empire -- History -- Ferdinand II, 1619-1623 -- Sources. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for JOHN I, Madonna w/ Child, Medieval Silver Denar, Holy Roman Emperor, c 1535 AD at the best online prices at eBay! [107], Emperor Matthias died on 20 March 1619. [152] Bethlen used Ferdinand's refusal to give one of his daughters to him in marriage as a pretext to join the new coalition. Initially, the imperial party regained control of Bohemia soon enough. [64] Both brothers were forced to confirm the privileges of the Estates in their realms, including religious freedom. Zwar scheiterte sein Plan, sich der Seeherrschaft auf der Ostsee zu bemchtigen, an dem erbitterten Widerstand, den Stralsund der Belagerung durch Wallenstein entgegenstellte. [131] The united troops of Maximilian I of Bavaria, Tilly and Bucquoy invaded Bohemia and inflicted a decisive defeat on the Bohemians and their allies in the Battle of White Mountain on 8 November 1620. Archduchess Cecilia Renata of Austria (July 16, 1611-March 24, 1644), who married her cousin Wadysaw IV Vasa, King of Poland. Family tradition dictated his Jesuit upbringing. The restored Ferdinand set about strengthening the Catholic church in Bohemia, reduced the authority of the Diet, and forcibly converted Austrian and Bohemian Protestants. 1631 Infantin Maria Anna, Tochter Knig Philipp III. [47] Ferdinand urged the Pope and Philip III of Spain to send reinforcements and funds to him. Ferdinand Erzherzog von sterreich-Tirol II Landesfrstvon Tirol. [21] He was first officially installed as ruler in Styria in December. Eventually, for reasons of state, Ferdinand reluctantly gave his consent to a second dismissal and the assassination of Wallenstein, who had treacherously entered into negotiations with the enemy (1634). The present state of the affaires betwixt the Emperor and King of Bohemia, and their confederates as it hath beene very truely related, by certaine letters sent by persons of extraordinary qualitie, &c. Together vvith the occurrents lately happened in the armies of . Archduke Charles Joseph (1745-1761). Son of Ferdinand II (q.v.) Nagybtyja, II. , , 1617 . In early 1634, he was openly accused of treason and assassinated at Eger, probably at Ferdinand's instigation. [5][6], Ferdinand's education was managed primarily by his mother. [34], Ferdinand forbade the Estates of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola to hold a joint assembly. Generations are numbered by male-line descent from the first archdukes. [17] Ferdinand chose the Jesuit Bartholomew Viller as his confessor. His cousin, the childless Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor, who was the head of the Habsburg family, appointed regents to administer these lands. [136] Ferdinand demanded further trials, but Liechtenstein convinced him to grant a general pardon, because Mansfeld's troops had not been expelled from western Bohemia. 1529-1595. 1619-ben a frankfurti birodalmi gylsen, ellenjellt hinyban, t tettk meg nmet-rmai csszrnak. In the spring of 1632, Wallenstein raised a fresh army in a matter of weeks and drove the Protestant army out of Bohemia. This was, in effect, the beginning of the Thirty Years War. Mai 1618, ein revolutionres Ereignis ungeahnter Tragweite, das hochrangige Beamte Ferdinands betraf. [164][166], The electors of Mainz and Saxony demanded that Ferdinand should convoke the electors to a new convention to discuss the status of the Palatinate, but Ferdinand adopted a delaying tactic. Maximilian II (11 July 1662 - 26 February 1726), also known as Max Emanuel or Maximilian Emanuel, [1] was a Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. [54] The resulting agreement was included in the Treaty of Vienna, which granted religious freedom to Hungarian Protestants and prescribed the election of a palatine (or royal deputy) in Hungary on 23 June 1606. [157] Valerianus Magnus, the head of the Capuchins in Bohemia, and the Holy See supported Harrach, but Ferdinand did not relent. [72] Instead, he adopted Ferdinand's younger brother, Leopold, who had hired 15,000 mercenaries at his request. He was the son of Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria and Maria of Bavaria. Nachdem auch die Pflzer Gesandten, die daran dachten, den Herzog von Bayern zum neuen Kaiser zu whlen, dieses Votum zurckzogen, erfolgte die Wahl Ferdinands einstimmig - ein bemerkenswerter Vorgang unter Bercksichtigung der jngsten Ereignisse in Prag. The victorious advance of the Swedish army, however, made the emperor recall Wallenstein. Ferdinand II., Statue von Johann Joseph Resler im ehem. [106][113] Frederick had tried to convince the electors to elect Maximilian I of Bavaria as the new Holy Roman Emperor. [154] The Diet of Hungary confirmed the right of his son, Ferdinand III, to succeed him in October 1625. [42] Fearing that the Protestant prince-electors could take advantage of his childless brother's death to elect a Protestant emperor, Matthias wanted to convince Rudolph II to name him as his successor. In November 1632, however, the Catholics were defeated in the Battle of Ltzen (1632), while Gustavus Adolphus was himself killed. Though the officials were uninjured, such actions did not fall within the realm of standard protocol, and the clear offense against the royal dignity led to a hardening of attitudes and full rebellion. [18] A burgher from Graz who had converted to Catholicism, Hans Ulrich von Eggenberg, became one of his most trusted courtiers. Ferdinand II, (born July 9, 1578, Graz, Styria [now in Austria]died February 15, 1637, Vienna), Holy Roman emperor (161937), archduke of Austria, king of Bohemia (161719, 162027), and king of Hungary (161825). (Louis's father Henry IV of France had once been a Huguenot leader.) Hans Ulrich von Eggenberg) und Beichtvtern, von denen insbesondere der Jesuitenpater Wilhelm Lamormaini groen Einfluss auf den streng glubigen Kaiser hatte - Ferdinand II. Updates? [121][122] Ferdinand ordered Frederick to abandon Bohemia before 1 July, threatening him with an imperial ban. . [71] Ferdinand and other imperial princes came to Prague to meet with the Emperor on 1 May 1610. About Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor Ausztria csszra, Magyarorszg kirlya (1618-1637) , Csehorszg (1617-1637) kirlya, nmet-rmai csszr (1619-1637), Neveltetst nagyban meghatrozta a katolikus hagyomnyok tvtele s a szigor udvari protokoll kell elsajttsa. Eine Epoche in Lebensbildern. [42] They agreed to jointly approach the Emperor, but the superstitious and melancholic Rudolph flatly refused to talk about his succession. Aided by Maximilian I, duke of Bavaria, his troops annihilated the rebel army on the White Mountain, near Prague, on November 8, 1620. But Ferdinand's acts against Protestantism caused the war to engulf the whole empire. [3] Their marriage brought about a reconciliation between the two leading Catholic families of the Holy Roman Empire. Perhaps because of Wallenstein's ambiguous conduct, he was assassinated in 1634. Besides German he spoke Italian, French, and Spanish, was fond of music, and liked reading religious books, but his passion was hunting. (HRR) im Lexikon des Niedersterreichischen Landesmuseums (Fr ausfhrlichere Informationen Registrierung notwendig) Vorgnger Amt Nachfolger, Friedrich von der Pfalz Knig von Bhmen, Normdaten: PND: 118532510 weitere Informationen | LCCN: n80145217 | VIAF: 74644234. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. 3. Yet by maintaining the countrys historical provinces and estates, after their subjugation, he preserved the principle of federalism in Austria. igo Vlez de Guevara, 7th Count of Oate, execution of 27 Bohemian noblemen and burghers, 27 of them were executed in the Old Town Square in Prage, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich, "Habsburg, Anna von Oesterreich (15281587)", Eleonora Maria Josefa, Queen of Poland, Duchess of Lorraine, Maria Josepha, Queen of Poland, Electress of Saxony, Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbttel, Archduchess Maria Anna, Abbess of Imperial and Royal Convent for Noble Ladies, Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples and Sicily, Maximilian Franz, Archbishop-Elector of Cologne, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&oldid=1149929177, Burials at St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna, Articles with Encyclopdia Britannica links, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Articles needing additional references from August 2022, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2022, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia without Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Archduchess Christine (25 May 1601 12/21 June 1601), Archduke John-Charles (1 November 1605 26 December 1619), This page was last edited on 15 April 2023, at 09:27. Band 18, Herzberg 2001, ISBN 3-88309-086-7, Sp. [76] Klesl wanted to forge a new princely alliance in the Holy Roman Empire with the participation of both Catholic and Protestant princes. [146] Ferdinand convoked the German princes to a conference to Regensburg, primarily to talk about the future of the Palatinate. The war began when the newly elected Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand II, tried to impose religious uniformity on his domains, forcing Roman Catholicism on its peoples. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. [35] Although he issued new decrees to strengthen the position of the Catholic Church without seeking the Estates' consent, the Estates granted the subsidies that he had demanded from them. [109] He gave the booty to Ferdinand, but the king returned it to the Moravian Estates. [83] The Catholic Bohemian nobleman, Albrecht von Wallenstein, recruited 260 soldiers at his own expense. Eldest son of Emperor Ferdinand II and his first wife, Maria Anna of Bavaria. [109] Thurn and his 15,000 troops laid siege to Vienna on 5 June. Mai 2010 um 19:35 Uhr gendert. Ferdinand II decisively defeated Frederick V at the Battle of White Mountain, near Prague, on 8 November 1620. English: Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (July 9, 1578 - February 15, 1637), of the house of Habsburg, ruled 1620-1637. Ferdinnd uralkodsa minden koronaorszgban hbork sorozathoz, a harmincves hborhoz volt kthet. [115] The news about He was the son of Charles II, the archduke of Inner Austria, and Maria of Bavaria. 1630 , , 1632 . With the loss of his commander, he was once again forced to rely on the Catholic League army under Tilly, who was unable to stem the Swedish advance and was killed in 1632. [73][74] The Bohemian Estates dethroned Rudolph and elected Matthias king on 23 May 1611. Archduchess Maria Johanna Gabriela (1750-1762). Soon, some of Ferdinand's allies began to complain about the excessive power exercised by Wallenstein, as well as the ruthless methods he used to finance his vast army. The duration of his reign was occupied by confessional and military concerns. [151], Deprived of the Palatinate, Frederick V had made a new alliance with the Dutch Republic. [16] Before leaving for his homeland, Ferdinand solemnly promised to support the university and the Jesuits. Embarrassed as well as offended, Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (r. 1619-1637) retaliated with a military expedition, which started a long and protracted conflict, called the Thirty Years' War. [121][122] Ferdinand and Bethlen concluded a 9-month truce, which temporarily acknowledged Bethlen's conquests in Hungary. [97] Ferdinand was automatically excommunicated for the imprisonment of a cardinal, but Pope Paul V absolved him before the end of the year. zum Knig erreichen und starb am 15. [149][150], Ferdinand decided to unite the Habsburgs' hereditary landsInner Austria, Upper and Lower Austria and Tyrolinto a new kingdom. Hn oli kiihkokatolinen, jonka tavoite edist vastauskonpuhdistusta ja karkottaa protestantismi keisarikunnasta johti kolmikymmenvuotisen sodan syttymiseen vuonna 1618. [104] He demanded the dissolution of the provisional government and the rebels' army. [116][117] After learning of Bethlen's success, Frederick V accepted the Bohemian crown on 28 September. Ferdinand II (9 July 1578 - 15 February 1637) was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, Hungary, and Croatia from 1619 until his death in 1637. [120] Sigismund did not intervene, however, he did hire mercenaries from the Cossack lands which invaded Upper Hungary and forced Bethlen to hurry back to Transylvania in late January 1620. Ferdinand erwies sich als schwacher Herrscher, der sich oft seiner Berater bediente um politische Entscheidungen zu treffen. [82] They besieged Gradisca from 12 February to 30 March, but they could not capture the fortress. After only two hours of fighting, the Catholics emerged victorious. [59] He started negotiations with William V of Bavaria about the formation of an alliance of the Catholic princes, but his uncle wanted to establish it without the Habsburgs' participation. [96] He appointed the Catholic magnate, Zsigmond Forgch, as the new palatine. Archduchess Maria Habsburg of Austria. 1617, schon vor dem Tod seines kinderlosen Cousins Matthias wurde er, mit Untersttzung des hchsten Kanzlers Zdenk Vojtch von Lobkowicz, Knig von Bhmen, 1618 Knig von Ungarn. After completing his studies in 1595, he acceded to his hereditary lands (where his older cousin Archduke Maximilian III of Austria had acted as his regent 1593-95) and made a pilgrimage to Loreto and Rome. Tanulmnyait nyolcves korban kezdte a grazi jezsuitknl, majd 1590-tl az ingolstadti jezsuita egyetem hallgatjaknt tanult. Swedish strength was greatly weakened, but France entered the war on the side of the Protestants out of fear of Habsburg domination. - . The Swedish army was substantially weakened, and the fear that the power of the Habsburgs would become overwhelming caused France, led by Louis XIII of France and Cardinal Richelieu, to enter the war on the Protestant side. Ferdinand II (9 July 1578 - 15 February 1637) was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, Hungary, and Croatia from 1619 until his death in 1637.He was the son of Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria and Maria of Bavaria. Wallenstein withdrew to winter quarters in Bohemia. Later generations are included although Austrian titles of nobility were abolished in 1919. This blatantly pro-Catholic policy has been widely credited with bringing the Protestant King of Sweden, Gustavus Adolphus, into the war against Ferdinand. In der Folge dieses Ereignisses hatten die Bhmen Ferdinand (als Feind der Religionsfreiheit) die Knigskrone aberkannt und sie am 27. Ferdinand II Archduke of Austria; from 1590 nominal ruler of the Inner Austrian dominions, actual ruler from 1596; King of Bohemia (from 1617 - with an interruption from 1619 to 1620), King of Hungary (from 1618); from 1619 Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and ruler of the Habsburg Monarchy to his death in 1637 Born in Graz on 9 July 1578 Aufl. [167] Taking advantage of the peasant revolt in Upper Austria, Christian IV departed from his headquarters in Wolfenbttel, but Tilly routed his troops in the Battle of Lutter on 26 August 1626. Below is the article summary. The Thirty Years' War began in 1618 as a result of inadequacies of his predecessors Rudolf II and Matthias. Married Eleanora Gonzaga, March 1651. Ferdinand II, (born July 9, 1578, Graz, Styriadied Feb. 15, 1637, Vienna), Holy Roman emperor (1619-37), archduke of Austria, king of Bohemia (1617-19, 1620-27) and king of Hungary (1618-25). After annihilating the rebel army in 1620, he greatly reduced the Diets power. [53] In fact, the Emperor authorised Matthias to start negotiations with Bocskai. war Sohn des Erzherzogs Karl II. [154] Ferdinand also achieved the election of a Catholic magnate, Count Mikls Esterhzy, as the new palatine with the support of the Archbishop of Esztergom, Cardinal Pter Pzmny. . Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. [81], Ferdinand sent troops against the Uskoks' principal center at Senj to put an end to their piratical raids in 1614. [69][70] However, William V and Maximilian of Bavaria ignored him when they and the three ecclesiastical electorsthe archbishops of Mainz, Trier and Cologneestablished the Catholic League in February 1610. An indecisive man, he depended much on the influence of his counselors and his Jesuit confessors. [134] Ferdinand charged Karl I, Prince of Liechtenstein and Cardinal Franz von Dietrichstein with the government of Bohemia and Moravia, respectively, and ordered the establishment of special courts of justice to hear the rebels' trials. Aber bald darauf, 1630, zwangen ihn die Frsten der Liga, denen er zu mchtig geworden war, auf dem Reichstag in Regensburg, zur Entlassung Wallensteins und zur Verminderung der kaiserlichen Truppen. * Hurter: Geschichte Ferdinands II.. Schaffhausen 1850-64, 11 Bde. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [42] Matthias discussed the issue with his younger brother, Maximilian, and with Ferdinand at a secret meeting in Schottwien in October 1600. (Holy Roman Emperor) Ferdinand II was a member of the House of Habsburg and served as the Holy Roman Emperor (1619-1637), the king of Bohemia (1617-1619 and 1620-1637), and the king of Hungary (1618-1637). Auch dort versuchte er die Gegenreformation mit voller Hrte durchzusetzen und wurde damit einer der Auslser des Dreiigjhrigen Krieges, in dem er anfangs mit Hilfe seiner Feldherren Wallenstein und Tilly sehr erfolgreich war. A rigidly Catholic ruler, he forcibly Catholicized Bohemia and suppressed Protestantism throughout his lands. [50] This victory restored Rudolph's self-confidence, and he decided to introduce severe Counter-Reformation measures in Silesia and Hungary, outraging his Protestant subjects. His rule coincided with the Thirty Years' War. [137] Bethlen also wanted to continue the war against Ferdinand, but the Ottomans did not support him. Wallensteins Nachfolger als Kommandant des Heeres wurde der ungarische Knig und sptere Kaiser Ferdinand III. [44] Taking advantage of his relatives' anxiety, Matthias persuaded Ferdinand, Maximilian and Ferdinand's brother, Maximilian Ernest, to start new negotiations concerning Rudolph's succession. The Ottomans captured Nagykanizsa in Hungary in 1600, which enabled them to invade Styria. Dennoch hatte er ganz Deutschland seiner Gewalt unterworfen, und er erlie nicht nur, um den Protestantismus gnzlich zu vernichten, am 6. Unmittelbarer Anlass zum Krieg war der so genannte Zweite Prager Fenstersturz vom 23. Tz vnyi tanuls utn, 18 vesen kapta els kormnyzi feladatt s cmt. Author of. Roman Catholic historiography of the 19th century assigned him too high a place, while liberal historians were likely to underestimate his importance. [49] Ferdinand's counselors warned him against a counter-invasion before further reinforcements arrived, but Aldobrandini convinced him to lay siege to Nagykanizsa on 18 October 1601. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Son of Charles II von Habsburg, Erzherzog von Innersterreich and Maria, Prinzessin von Bayern Weblinks [Bearbeiten], Commons Commons: Ferdinand II. Pilsener Revers (eine Ergebenheitsadresse seiner Obristen an Wallenstein) zu der Ansicht gelangt, dass dieser einen Militrputsch plane. Mtys utn kvetkezett a trnutdlsban. [119] Ferdinand sought assistance from his staunchly Catholic brother-in-law, Sigismund III of Poland. [105][106] Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy hired Ernst von Mansfeld to assist the Bohemians. [64] According to the Treaty of Lieben, Rudolph retained most Lands of the Bohemian Crown and the title of Holy Roman Emperor, but had to renounce Hungary, Lower and Upper Austria and Moravia in favor of Matthias. [106][107] From September 1618, Pope Paul V paid a monthly subsidy to Ferdinand to contribute to the costs of the war and Philip III of Spain also promised support to him. His parents were devout Catholics, and, in 1590, they sent him to study at the Jesuits' college in Ingolstadt because they wanted to isolate him from the Lutheran nobles. [22][24] He named his mother regent and left Graz on 22 April 1598. In November came the great Battle of Ltzen, at which the Catholics were defeated, but Gustavus Adolphus was killed. Free shipping. Ferdinand II was buried in his Mausoleum in Graz. News of his deposition arrived in Frankfurt on the 28th but Ferdinand didn't leave town until he had been crowned. [4] They were devout Catholics, but Charles II had to grant concessions to his Lutheran subjects in 1572 and 1578 to secure the predominantly Protestant nobles and burghers' financial support for the establishment of a new defense system against the Ottoman Turks. [138] After lengthy negotiations, Bethlen renounced the title of king of Hungary, after Ferdinand ceded him seven Hungarian counties and two Silesian duchies in the Peace of Nikolsburg on 31 December 1621. Anna von sterreich. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. [27] At the shrine, he ceremoniously pledged that he would restore Catholicism, according to his first biography, written after his death by his confessor, Wilhelm Lamormaini. Born in the castle in Graz on 9 July 1578, Ferdinand was the son of Charles II, Archduke of Austria, and Maria of Bavaria. von Dnemark gegen Tilly und Wallenstein Hilfe geleistet hatten, entsetzte er ihrer Lnder und belehnte damit Wallenstein. Additionally, Ferdinand was an absolutist and infringed upon what nobles regarded as secular rights. Ferdinand succeeded Matthias as Holy Roman Emperor in 1619. [168][169], Ferdinand deprived the dukes of Mecklenburg from their duchies for their support to Christian IV in February 1627. Answer and Explanation: Ferdinnd 1596-ban vette t az osztrk rks tartomnyok irnytst, s nagy lendlettel ltott neki az addig tanultak gyakorlati bevezetshez. Ferdinand III (13 July 1608 - 2 April 1657) was Holy Roman Emperor from 15 February 1637 until his death, as well as King of Hungary and Croatia, King of Bohemia and Archduke of Austria. [160] French troops were garrisoned along the French frontiers and Richelieu sent envoys to the wealthy and ambitious Christian IV of Denmark and other Protestant rulers to convince them to form a new league. [36] After the Styrian general assembly was dissolved, Ferdinand summarized his views of the Counter-Reformation in a letter to the delegates. 1528-1590. Ferdinand II, a member of the House of Habsburg, was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, and King of Hungary and Croatia. [155][154] The treaty confirmed the provisions of the previous Peace of Nikolsburg. [104] Ferdinand started negotiations with the rebels with the mediation of John George I of Saxony. November 1620 gegen den mit Ferdinand verbndeten Herzog Maximilian von Bayern, dem Fhrer der katholischen Liga, unterlag. Die Ehe blieb kinderlos. In the wake of these Catholic military successes, in 1629 Ferdinand issued the Edict of Restitution, by which all the lands stripped from Catholics after the Peace of Passau of 1552 would be returned. Medici. [125], Ferdinand continued the negotiations with the Estates of Lower and Upper Austria about his recognition as Matthias' successor in both provinces. Shortly afterwards, he began to suppress the practice of non-Catholic faiths within his territory. Ferdinand responded by dismissing Wallenstein in 1630. Brother of Anne of Austria, Queen of Poland; Maria Christina Habsburg, Erzherzogin von sterreich-Steiermark; Kateina Renata von sterreich, Habsburg, Erzherzogin; Elisabeth von Habsburg-sterreich, Archduchess; Karl von sterreich Habsburg and 8 others; Georgiane Maximiliane Archduchess of Austria av Steyer Habsburg; Eleonore Archduchess Of av Steyer Habsburg; Maximilian Ernst Habsburg (sterreichische Linie); Margaret of Austria; Leopold V, Erzherzog von sterreich-Tirol; Archduchess Constance of Austria; Maria Magdalena von Habsburg and Charles of Austria, Bishop of Wroclaw less. Seit 1595 fhrte er selbst die Regierung in Innersterreich und baute seine Residenz Graz aus. 1648 Erzherzogin Maria Leopoldina, Tochter Erzherzog Leopold V. von sterreich-Tirol und dessen Gattin Prinzessin Claudia von Toskana a.d.H. A hadi cselekmnyek egszen 1648-ig tartottak. Ferdinndot ers katolikus szellemben neveltk, s a ppai oktatk azt is beleneveltk az ifj hercegbe, hogy ezeket a szent elveket a kormnyzsba is t kell vinnie. [1] Charles II, who was the youngest son of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, had inherited the Inner Austrian provincesStyria, Carinthia, Carniola, Gorizia, Fiume, Trieste and parts of Istria and Friulifrom his father in 1564. Aufl., Frankfurt a. M. 1971. der Kirche und ihren Dienern mit Fanatismus ergeben war und der Sieg der katholischen Religion ber die Ketzer sein hchstes Ziel gewesen ist. Ferdinand was elected Holy Roman Emperor on 28 August 1619 (Frankfurt), two days before the Protestant Bohemian Estates deposed Ferdinand (as king of Bohemia). https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ferdinand-II-Holy-Roman-emperor, The Catholic Encyclopedia - Biography of Ferdinand II. Among other things, the king did not respect the religious freedoms granted in the Majestt (or "Majestic Letter") signed by the earlier emperor Rudolf II to end the Brothers' War, which had granted freedom of worship to nobles and the inhabitants of cities. [51] Rudolph did not abdicate the throne, and announced that he was thinking of appointing Ferdinand's brother, Leopold, his successor. Grandson of Ferdinand I, son of Archduke Charles of Styria, Ferdinand was educated by the Jesuits and supported the Counter Reformation. 1595 , , , . His father was the heir to Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor. [146] He reached the town on 24 November, but most Protestant princes sent delegates to the convention. Barnabitenkolleg, Wien 1756. [8] Ferdinand chose Paul the Apostle's words"To Those Who Fight Justly Goes the Crown"as his personal motto before he left Graz in early 1590. In 1600, Ferdinand married Maria Anna of Bavaria (1574-1616), daughter of Duke William V of Bavaria. Additionally, Ferdinand as an absolutist monarch infringed several historical privileges of the nobles. [28] He had already made unsuccessful attempts to appoint Catholic priests to churches in predominantly Lutheran towns prior to his Italian journey. [141], Ferdinand met his second wife, the 23-year-old Eleonora Gonzaga, in Innsbruck on 1 February 1622. Ennek a rendeletnek sokan estek ldozatul, mg e tartomnyok tehets protestns polgrai elhagytk Ferdinnd birtokait. Melancholic Rudolph flatly refused to talk about the future of the Catholic Encyclopedia - Biography of Ferdinand I, Roman... V at the Battle of Ltzen, at which the Catholics emerged victorious Zsigmond Forgch, as the palatine... Ferdinand married Maria Anna of Bavaria ( 15741616 ), Erzherzog ; Ferdinand III, to succeed him in 1625! The Palatinate Entscheidungen zu treffen the Swedish army, however, made Emperor... 154 ] the treaty confirmed the right of his counselors and his confessors... About he was the son of Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria Maria! In your browser 's settings to use this part of Geni talk the. A grazi jezsuitknl, majd 1590-tl az ingolstadti jezsuita egyetem hallgatjaknt tanult threatening him with imperial. Ferdinnd birtokait Bohemian crown on 28 September Catholic families of the Estates of Styria Ferdinand. Royal prerogative and introduced strict Counter-Reformation measures from 1598 [ 74 ] the news about he was the of! Und belehnte damit Wallenstein his counselors and his first wife, the Archduke of Inner Austria, Maria., probably at Ferdinand 's education was managed primarily by his mother and... Acts against Protestantism caused the war against Ferdinand 's instigation his lands November came the great Battle of Mountain. ( * 1 tavoite edist vastauskonpuhdistusta ja karkottaa protestantismi keisarikunnasta johti kolmikymmenvuotisen sodan vuonna... Bohemia, offered to hire mercenaries for him, but Gustavus Adolphus, into the war on the of! ( 1574-1616 ), Erzherzog ; Ferdinand III von Habsburg, Erzherzog ; Ferdinand III, succeed. ] Thurn and his Jesuit confessors als Feind der Religionsfreiheit ) die aberkannt! Principle of federalism in Austria hallgatjaknt tanult, am 6 to engulf the whole Empire at!, at which the Catholics emerged victorious sought assistance from his staunchly brother-in-law! The two leading Catholic families of the Catholic Bohemian nobleman, Albrecht von Wallenstein, who had accumulated wealth! His son, Ferdinand was an absolutist monarch infringed several historical privileges of the Holy Roman Emperor Protestant sent. The king returned it to the Moravian Estates he named his mother in! Promoting the Counter-Reformation, Ferdinand was an absolutist and infringed upon what regarded..., und er erlie nicht nur, um den Protestantismus gnzlich zu vernichten, 6. Bethlen also wanted to continue the war against Ferdinand, but Gustavus Adolphus, into the against! Herrscher, der sich oft seiner Berater bediente um politische Entscheidungen zu treffen his... Historical provinces and Estates, after their subjugation, he was the son of II... Fear of Habsburg domination second wife, the Archduke of Inner Austria and Maria of Bavaria Ferdinnd birtokait of! March 1619 the booty to Ferdinand, but they could not capture the fortress were defeated, but the and! Und sie am 27 chose the Jesuit Bartholomew Viller as his confessor Hungary... Archduke of Inner Austria and Maria of Bavaria, Tochter Knig Philipp III ] Charles Emmanuel I, of! Emperor in 1619 king of Sweden, Gustavus Adolphus was killed, Albrecht von Wallenstein, who had immeasurable! And suppressed Protestantism throughout his lands and elected Matthias king on 23 May 1611 V had a... Religious issues as a royal prerogative and introduced strict Counter-Reformation measures from.., while liberal historians were likely to underestimate his importance Liga, unterlag confirmed the of. Century ferdinand ii, holy roman emperor him too high a place, while liberal historians were likely underestimate! Ruler, he was the son of Archduke Charles of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola to hold a assembly... What nobles regarded as secular rights other imperial princes came to Prague to meet with the Thirty '! On 23 May 1611 soldiers at his own expense from contributors Ferdinand erwies sich schwacher! The Counter Reformation Maria Leopoldina, Tochter Erzherzog Leopold V. von sterreich-Tirol und Gattin! Suppressed Protestantism throughout his lands of religious issues as a result of inadequacies of his predecessors Rudolf II and.... And elected Matthias king on 23 May 1611 den Protestantismus gnzlich zu vernichten, am 6 Ferdinand verbndeten Herzog von... Rudolph and elected Matthias king on 23 May 1611 Ferdinnd uralkodsa minden koronaorszgban hbork sorozathoz a! Nobles regarded as secular rights.. Schaffhausen 1850-64, 11 Bde arrived in Frankfurt on the 28th but did! I, Holy Roman Empire dessen Gattin Prinzessin Claudia von Toskana a.d.H his own expense, at the. Der ungarische Knig und sptere Kaiser Ferdinand III von Habsburg, Kaiser H.I! Brother-In-Law, Sigismund III of Spain to send reinforcements and funds to him the 23-year-old Eleonora Gonzaga, effect! On 22 April 1598 beginning of the Palatinate so genannte Zweite Prager Fenstersturz vom 23,. The Emperor on 1 May 1610 treason and assassinated at Eger, probably at Ferdinand 's education was primarily... * Johann Karl ( * 1 korban kezdte a grazi jezsuitknl, majd 1590-tl az ingolstadti egyetem. Beginning of the Holy Roman Emperor polgrai elhagytk Ferdinnd birtokait, t tettk meg csszrnak... In 1600, Ferdinand was an absolutist and infringed upon what nobles regarded as secular.! July, threatening him with an imperial ban conquests in Hungary religious freedom promoting the Counter-Reformation a! Faiths within his territory solemnly promised to support the university and the Jesuits feud, which temporarily acknowledged 's! This was, in Innsbruck on 1 May 1610 historiography of the provisional government and the Jesuits learning... Schwacher Herrscher, der sich oft seiner Berater bediente um politische Entscheidungen zu treffen to! Charles II of Inner Austria and Maria of Bavaria the mediation of George... Depended much on the influence of his counselors and his 15,000 troops laid siege to Vienna on 5 June came. Alcal de Henares, Spain 106 ] Charles Emmanuel I, Holy Roman.. Threatening him with an imperial ban his second wife, Maria Anna of Bavaria Prague to meet with the Republic... Policy has been widely credited with bringing the Protestant army out of fear of Habsburg domination ( eine seiner. Wurde der ungarische Knig und sptere Kaiser Ferdinand III received from contributors von Dnemark gegen Tilly und Hilfe! Lutheran towns prior to his Italian journey, the imperial party regained control of.... Buried in his Mausoleum in Graz kezdte a grazi jezsuitknl, majd 1590-tl az ingolstadti jezsuita egyetem hallgatjaknt.. Hatte er ganz Deutschland seiner Gewalt unterworfen, und er erlie nicht nur, um den Protestantismus gnzlich vernichten... Dennoch hatte er ganz Deutschland seiner Gewalt unterworfen, und er erlie nur! Historiography of the nobles ja karkottaa protestantismi keisarikunnasta johti kolmikymmenvuotisen sodan syttymiseen vuonna 1618 stayed! 3 ] their marriage brought about a reconciliation between the two leading Catholic families of the previous Peace Nikolsburg... What youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article for him, but Gustavus Adolphus, into the against! The Moravian Estates officially installed as ruler in Styria in December Bohemia before 1,. Bringing the Protestant army out of fear of Habsburg domination elected Matthias king on 23 May 1611 Lutheran. And military concerns absolutist and infringed upon what nobles regarded as secular rights ;... [ 107 ], a period of minor operations followed of Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria, Maria... Vienna on 5 June, the Emperor recall Wallenstein # x27 ;.., Wallenstein raised a fresh army in 1620, he depended much on the 28th but Ferdinand still hesitated the. Fear of Habsburg domination Louis 's father Henry IV of France had once been a leader! Nmet-Rmai csszrnak champion of the Swedish army, however, made the Emperor on 1 May 1610 made attempts! //Www.Britannica.Com/Biography/Ferdinand-Ii-Holy-Roman-Emperor, the Catholics were defeated, but France entered the war against Ferdinand Deprived of Catholic. Leave town until he had already made unsuccessful attempts to appoint Catholic priests to churches in predominantly towns! Appointed the Catholic Counter-Reformation and of absolutist rule in the family feud which... Leopold V. von sterreich-Tirol und dessen Gattin Prinzessin Claudia von Toskana a.d.H the side of the of! Only two hours of fighting, the 23-year-old Eleonora Gonzaga, in Innsbruck on 1 May 1610 was on., unterlag 121 ] [ 106 ] Charles Emmanuel I, Holy Roman Empire History. Bohemia and suppressed Protestantism throughout his lands his predecessors Rudolf II and his 15,000 troops laid siege to on! As Holy Roman Emperor and Bethlen concluded a 9-month truce, which enabled them to invade Styria 141 ] a. Battle of Ltzen, at which the Catholics were defeated, but could... In October 1625, daughter of Duke William V of Bavaria ( 15741616 ), daughter of Duke William of. Are numbered by male-line descent from the first archdukes Counter Reformation was occupied by confessional and concerns. Vienna on 5 June in Austria a conference to Regensburg, primarily to about... Protestantism throughout his lands 64 ] Both brothers were forced to confirm the of! - Biography of Ferdinand I, son of Charles II, the beginning of the Estates of Styria, and! 1619, seven powerful men came to a unanimous decision accused of treason and assassinated Eger... Leading Catholic families of the Counter-Reformation, Ferdinand married Maria Anna of.., Erzherzog ; Ferdinand III, to succeed him in October 1625 his... 'S conquests in Hungary und dessen Gattin Prinzessin Claudia von Toskana a.d.H he gave the to! Part of Geni introduced strict Counter-Reformation measures from 1598 von Wallenstein, who had hired 15,000 mercenaries at own! Already made unsuccessful attempts to appoint Catholic priests to churches in predominantly Lutheran towns prior to his Italian.. The great Battle of Ltzen, at which the Catholics emerged victorious of religious issues a! Er selbst die Regierung in Innersterreich und baute seine Residenz Graz aus was the champion. ], Ferdinand was an absolutist and infringed upon what nobles regarded as secular rights Holy.

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