On May 5 (or possibly the early morning of May 6), all 55 submariners aboard U-853 were entombed in their . Another man, the sub's machinist mate, had his leg severed and died later that night aboard Icarus. German submarine U-85 was a Type VIIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. [3] When submerged, the boat could operate for 121 nautical miles (224km; 139mi) at 2 knots (3.7km/h; 2.3mph); when surfaced, she could travel 12,750 nautical miles (23,610km; 14,670mi) at 10 knots (19km/h; 12mph). Either way, as the Black Point came into range off Point Judith, Rhode Island, at 5:40 pm on May 5, Frmsdorf fired a torpedo that upon impact blew away about 40 feet of the merchant ships stern. SAS imagery of the Black Point showing that the hull, including the bow, of the ship is largely intact and rests upside down on the seafloor. Greger and his men again returned to Lorient unsuccessful. On April 10, while off the New Jersey coast, U- 85 found its first target, Swedish freighter Christina Knudsen. National marine sanctuaries protect some of the most spectacular ocean and Great Lakes resources in the United States, including shipwrecks like the Dixie Arrow. Read about one of the most interesting events of the U-boat of WWII when Heinz-Wilhelm Eck of U-852 ordered the wreck of the torpedoed merchant Peleus destroyed with machine-gun fire. As Roper began to close in on U-85, the crew suspected that they were pursuing a submarine. After completing his training in 1937 he spent five years on minesweepers, commanding one from 1939. Today, the U-352 is one of North Carolina's signature wreck sites. Eck, despite his mission, decided to attack the ship. The Enigma machine was recovered from the wreck by private divers (Jim Bunch, Roger & Rich Hunting)[12] and in 2003 the German government agreed to allow the machine to be displayed at the Graveyard of the Atlantic Museum, in Hatteras, North Carolina. Spot A Shark USA Photography Diver Course, Project AWARE Sand Tiger Shark Conservation, Copyright 2023 | In protest, his Leading Engineer questioned his commander's order but could do little to change the fate of the survivors. In fact, he was still in Rhode Island Sound when the U.S. frigate Moberly (PF-63) and destroyer escorts Amick (DE168) and Atherton (DE-168) commenced the hunt for the submarine 90 minutes after the Black Point sank. On May 9, 1942 it was sunk by the Coast Guard Cutter Icarus. Sprague of Boston. The Allies came into possession of an Fa 330 in May 1944 when they captured the U-852 intact. Some of the bodies were wearing civilian clothes, carrying wallets with United States currency and identification cards. Over the next several hours, Rathke got off two torpedoes, both of which missed. Go to: Forum List Message List New Topic Search Log In Print View Re: U-852`s wreck Additionally, the Leading Engineer and a seaman were complicated in the incident. The U-852 was itself sunk on May 3 1944 by British aircraft off the coast of Somalia. We cannot be held responsible for any errors on the site and for any actions you may take after viewing its content. The story of the incident really began on a summer day of March 13, 1944. The expansion would also establish the largest area designated as a World War II battlefield anywhere in the world. She was launched in November 1938 and commissioned in February 1939.. U-40 conducted two war patrols during her career. We visit this site on average 2-3 times per week, so come check it out and become a part of history with us! The last, under the command of Helmut Frmsdorf, intersected with the end of World War II in the Atlantic. Launched on 10 April 1941, she was commissioned on 7 June and assigned to the 3rd U-boat Flotilla under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Eberhard Greger. As the German sailors attempted to exit the conning tower to man their guns, they came under heavy fire from Ropers crew. comments sorted by Best Top New Controversial Q&A Add a Comment . From January to the end of August 1942, German U-boats attacked more than 285 vessels in North American waters. The crew was captured and later tried for war crimes. Two other officers of U-852, the 2WO and the doctor were also indicted and shot. The report, provided by the Canadian War Museum, illustrates the boats career both in German service and its post-war service with the Royal Canadian Navy. [11] The wreck site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015. The hatch of U-85 is on display in the Graveyard of the Atlantic Museum; the submarine herself still serves as an attraction for divers. This month we visit the W.E. This year, Scuba Diver Life and NOAA are partnering to profile 12 different ships in the Graveyard of the Atlantic. In protest, his Leading Engineer questioned his commanders order but could do little to change the fate of the survivors. Standing atop the bridge of the U-boat, the crew of the U-852 meticulously hunted and machine gunned the survivors. Sea life at the site of U-352 is prolific and typical of a sub-tropical marine ecosystem. (Photo: Steve Sellers, ECU/NOAA), NOAA-UBOAT-143 NOAA diver tracks a sand tiger shark as it circles U-85. Sections 101(a)(5)(A) and (D) of the MMPA (16 U.S.C. With all the survivors dead, the U-852 sailed away. Mohr, age 26, was killed when U-124was sunk with all hands on 2 April 1943 west of Oporto, Portugal. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. USS Fairmont, later renamed Black Point, in harbor on a winter day, circa 1918-1919. This year, Scuba Diver Life and NOAA are partnering to profile 12 different ships in the Graveyard of the Atlantic. The wreck is home to a variety of marine life, including invasive lionfish. She was laid down at the Flender Werke in Lbeck on 18 December 1939 as yard number 281. This month well visit the Ashkhabad. U-85 was fitted with five 53.3cm (21in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8cm (3.46in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and one 2cm (0.79in) anti-aircraft gun The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.[1]. U-852 Update. If you have any questions please contact us. It was laid down in Bremen and completed in June 1943. HMT Bedfordshire is one vessel included in the proposal. Nearby vessels and shore stations witnessed the attack and raised the alarm. On her third foray, she sank the Empire Fusilier southeast of St. Johns, Newfoundland, after a seven-hour chase, on 9 February 1942. Download image (jpg, 7.8 MB). Abrams. Many of the individual hull plates are visible in the imagery. This site is visited on a Full Day Dive Trip. The U-boat had been claimed to have been sunk by depth charge hedgehogs off the coast of Massachusetts on 7 April 1945 by USS Gustafson and was also thought to have been possibly sunk by USS Coffman. The wreck lies on its starboard side with approximately an approximately 80-degree list. U-85 conducted four war patrols with the flotilla, and sank three ships, totalling 15,060gross register tons(GRT). The visibility and water temperature vary greatly depending upon the dynamic, shifting currents. The hearing was known as the Peleus Trial. This month we visit the U-352. The remains of this little-known battlefield serve as the final resting place for 90 ships and nearly 1,700 men lost during the Battle of the Atlantic. U-85 departed Trondheim in Norway on 28 August 1941 for her first patrol. The visibility and water temperature vary widely depending on the dynamic, shifting currents. Download image (jpg, 270 KB). The awesome memorial is a must see if you are in the Kiel area (perhaps visiting the U-995). This month we visit the U-85. Joined later by the destroyer Ericsson (DD440), the American task force detected, attacked, and destroyed the U-853. German submarine U-40 was a Type IXA U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine that operated during World War II.. U-40 was built in Bremen by DeSchiMAG AG Weser as yard number 945. The German sailors were later interred in Hampton Roads, Virginia. This year, Scuba Diver Life is partnering with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to bring you images and stories from each of the United States 11 dive-able marine sanctuaries. U-852 was proceeding to the Indian Ocean to join the Monsun wolfpack when its commander committed an act that made it infamous. This year, Scuba Diver Life and NOAA are partnering to profile 12 different ships in the Graveyard of the Atlantic. After the war, she was returned to her original owner, only to be sold two years later to the Hawaiian Steamship Company of New York and renamed the Nebraskan. [2], Having left St. Nazaire on 21 March 1942, U-85 sank the Norwegian freighter Christen Knudsen off the coast of New Jersey on 10 April.[3]. Earlier that day the four-stack destroyer USS Roper set out from Norfolk on its way to Cape Hatteras for antisubmarine patrol. They then returned to the site and collected 33 survivors, one of which died aboard the Icarus shortly thereafter. Eck decided that this would indicate to any Allied shipping patrol aircraft there was a U-boat in the area, so he ordered his junior officers to destroy the wreckage by firing into it using hand grenades and automatic weapons. The text is below: As U-852 broke the surface, her gun crews swarmed out and manned the anti-aircraft guns. After stalking her until nightfall, the steamer was sunk with two torpedoes. [11] The majority of the debris lies within a 100 metres (330ft) radius of the wreck. Hey all, I posted a while ago about an online project attempting to find the wreck of U-852 off the coast of Somalia here: Dropping in to mention that we've found it! Meanwhile, Freden was not sinking and Freden's captain ordered everyone back aboard to resume getting underway. U-852 was enroute to the Indian Ocean to join the Monsoon wolf pack operating there. Posted by: dozmataz_buckshank Date: October 14, 2016 05:31PM. At first, Ropers crew didnt suspect much, but they dutifully pursued the contact. The B-52 crashed upon takeoff after the aircraft's crew saw birds flying at roughly the same height as the airplane's wings, followed by the sensation of a series of "thuds" on the B-52's right side. One survivor managed to escape and was eventually rescued by allied ships. On June 15 Eck took command of the new Type IXD-852 and put the boat through months of training before leaving from Kiel for the Indian Ocean. Their suspicions were confirmed when the crew witnessed the track of a torpedo narrowly missing them. Download image (jpg, 377 KB). Of the U-boats off North Carolina's coast, U-352 had the least eventful operational career. Even with the dive briefing fresh in your mind, seeing the U-352 materialize off the bottom, sitting with a 45-degree list to starboard, is an amazing sight. At the bow, the outer-hull is gone, exposing the pressure hull and the four forward torpedo tubes. U-85's second patrol started and finished in Lorient, but was unremarkable. To learn more about the proposal, click here. German submarine U-852 was a Type IXD2 U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. Report an Error, Site Index The submarine was equipped with four torpedo tubes in the bow and two in the stern. Apparently, bombers forced U-852 to beach on the coastline during a naval battle. (All photos: NOAA), Schools of fish swarm U-85s conning tower with its attack periscope housing still intact. Hans Lenz, the engineering officer, who had opposed Eck's order but eventually carried it out was given a life sentence (but was released seven years later, in 1952). This site was discovered in 1974 by Olympus owner and Captain, George Purifoy, and several friends. However, once again, the crew on Freden panicked and took to the lifeboats. Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in May 1944, "Heinz-Wilhelm Eck: Siegerjustiz and the Peleus Affair", "Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 19411942", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_submarine_U-852&oldid=1147548307, World War II shipwrecks in the Indian Ocean, Military history of British Somaliland during World War II, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 20.8 knots (38.5km/h; 23.9mph) surfaced, 57nmi (106km; 66mi) at 4 knots (7.4km/h; 4.6mph) submerged, This page was last edited on 31 March 2023, at 17:36. A British boarding party examined the wrecked U-boat and retrieved Eck's Kriegstagebuch ("War Diary"), which proved crucial in constructing the Allied case against him and his men. [4] After being left unable to dive due to damage from aerial depth charges, she headed for the coast of Somalia. The awesome memorial is a must see if you are in the Kiel area (perhaps visiting the U-995). Roper then dropped a pattern of 11 depth charges where U-85 had disappeared beneath the surface. However, the Roper was closing in on U-85, and the crew now suspected that they were pursuing a submarine. This month well visit the Caribsea. Heinz Wilhelm Eck: U-852, the only U-Boat War Criminal with the sinking of SS Peleus. Early in the day on April 13, USS Roper set out from Norfolk, Virginia, heading south to Cape Hatteras for antisubmarine patrol. This mission was recalled shortly after its deployment due to the offensive building up off the U.S East Coast. However, the British tribunal rejected his plea of operational necessity and sentenced him to death. On that day, Donitz issued a radio communique instructing all U-boats to cease attacks on Allied shipping and return to Germany. This year, Scuba Diver Life and NOAA are partnering to profile 12 different ships in the Graveyard of the Atlantic. As the crew of U-352 prepared to scuttle, several began emerging from the conning tower preparing to jump overboard. The forward torpedo loading hatch, battery hatch, and forward personnel hatch are all clearly visible, as is the conning tower, the aft gun mount, and several of the submarines compressed air flasks. Also, on the site, the density of red barbier baitfish and amberjack is such that it often hinders photographic documentation. U-85 had a displacement of 753 tonnes (741 long tons) when at the surface and 857 tonnes (843 long tons) while submerged. Significance: U-352 is significant to American military history, maritime history and historic archaeology as it was the first U-boat sunk by the United States Coast Guard off the American East Coast during World War II's Battle of the Atlantic. A well-aimed 3-inch shell breached the pressure hull just aft of the conning tower. The deployment of the depth charges killed the entire U-85 crew. The U-boat Memorial at Mltenort. She had two shafts and two 1.85m (6ft) propellers. Firing two torpedoes, U-85 sank the Swedish freighter Christina Knudsen, and then proceeded directly for Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. Shortly after midnight, Roper approached the area where U-85 sat and detected a weak radar contact. Hand grenades were also hurled at the remaining lifeboats. The defense presented that the LI had objected to the actions of his CO and the seaman was simply following orders. When Greger realized that U-85 was being tracked, he was in very shallow water; therefore, he evidently decided to try escaping on the surface. The wreck lies on its starboard side with approximately an 80 list. Command of the U-85 was given to Oberleutnent zur See Eberhard Greger. Rathke attempted to carry out at least one attack, but depth charges kept him from being successful. The wreck site of U- 85 now rests in about 110 feet (34 m) of water 14 miles (23 km) east of Oregon Inlet along the Outer Banks. The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines plus two MWM RS34.5S six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines for cruising, producing a total of 9,000 metric horsepower (6,620kW; 8,880shp) for use while surfaced, and two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 1,000 shaft horsepower (1,010PS; 750kW) for use while submerged. Learn more about U-85 and other World War II shipwrecks off the North Carolina coast here. To view additional dive slates click here. As it turned out, not all the survivors were killed. A month's refit and leave, and it was time to sail again. U-852. The presiding judge was Major A. Melford Stevenson. [4] More recent investigation by sport divers has raised questions about Navy reports on the wreck.[7]. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Nachdem man erkannt hatte, dass U 852 mit Bordmitteln nicht zu reparieren war, befahl Eck, das Boot aufzugeben und zu zerstren. Group Schlei was to return to France and begin preparing for deployment to U.S. waters. The bodies were brought back to Norfolk and later that evening, they were buried in Hampton National Cemetery in Hampton, Virginia with full military honors under the cover of darkness. We were pretty sure before, but we had some members go to the National Archives in the UK to find . The information listed on this site is to be used as a reference and is only our opinion/suggestion. The Freden crew drifted in their lifeboats all night. The wreck of U-852 on the beach of Somaliland HMS Fishguard Crew - Boarded and spent nearly a month salvaging equipment and torpedoes from U-852 after British aircraft fatally damaged her as she beached near Ras Mabber, Somaliland off the Somali coast on 3 May 1944,. This year, Scuba Diver Life and NOAA are partnering to profile 12 different ships in the Graveyard of the Atlantic. National marine sanctuaries protect some of the most spectacular ocean and Great Lakes resources in the United States, including shipwrecks like the USS Monitor. During this time, Roper believed it had another sonar contact and not wanting to take any chances of another possible U-boat, Roper rode right through the mass of sailors in the water and dropped an additional 11 depth charges. [1] She had a total length of 66.50m (218ft 2in), a pressure hull length of 48.80m (160ft 1in), a beam of 6.20m (20ft 4in), a height of 9.50m (31ft 2in), and a draught of 4.74m (15ft 7in). Both of which were part of the 6th U-boat Flotilla.During her short time in the war, she sank no . They dived the wreck to a depth of approximately 12,500 feet (3,800 m) in the MIR submersible from the Russian research ship Akademik Mstislav Keldysh. This page covers the events related to U-boats since 1945, including boats taken over by the allies after the war and their eventual fate. The boat attempted to run south on the surface and fired its stern torpedo at Roper when the range closed to 700 yards (640 m). After taking on fuel and fresh provisions, Greger was ready to take U-85 on a second war patrol, but this one too was a very frustrating and disappointing patrol. Thank you for your support! Their exploration was featured on the History Channel special, Titanic's Final Moments - Missing Pieces. Greger's attack resulted in a devastating counterattack as the Canadian escorts HMCS Skeena and HMCS Alberni delivered a very accurate depth charge assault that Greger narrowly escaped. This event has been described as an amazing story of ineptitude on both sides. Website owner: Office of National Marine Sanctuaries | National Ocean Service | NOAA | Department of Commerce. The boat had a complement of fifty-five.[3]. However, before reaching land the U-boat came under attack from six RAF bombers from 621 Squadron. Between their arrival in US territorial waters on December 27, 1941, and February 6th, 1942, the drumbeaters sank 25 ships. The U-853, which had earlier in the war fought off an attack from two British Swordfish torpedo bombers and had recently sunk the American patrol craft the PE-56, was now lurking in Rhode Island Sound. Hutton, History and Economy of the Great Lakes Region, Celebrate 50 Years of Spectacular National Marine Sanctuaries, Flexible Flights Airfare Offer from Explorer Ventures Fleet, Exclusive Red Sea Liveaboard Diving Packages: Premium Amenities Await. Roper raked U-85 with machine gun fire and scored a hit with a 3"/50 caliber gun. Evidently during the process of launching boats, Freden turned the stern towards U-352 so as to present a smaller target. The crew was interned and sent to POW camps, after which they were charged when the war ended. During the journey, Eck torpedoed and sank the Greek tramp steamer, SS Peleus. For their actions in sinking U-85, Destroyer Division 54 commander, Commander Stanley C. Norton and the Roper's captain, Lieutenant commander Hamilton W. Howe, were each awarded the Navy Cross.[8][9]. She measured 251 feet, 10 inches in length; 22 feet, 6 inches in the beam; and drew 15 feet, 4 inches. The submarine was equipped with four torpedo tubes in the bow and two in the stern. This site was discovered in 1974 by Olympus owner and Captain, George Purifoy, and several friends. Even as the crewman were reaching their battle stations, the Wellingtons were starting their second strafing run. In early 1944, the Kriegsmarine dispatched U-852 on a top-secret mission to disrupt the Allies' Far East war effort by attacking sea lanes in the Indian Ocean. The boat attempted to run south on the surface and fired its stern torpedo at Roper when the range closed to 700 yards (640m). Nine crew members were lost. U-85 was operating within visual distance of Bodie Island Light at midnight on 13 April 1942 when the US destroyer USS Roper detected the submarine on British Type 286 radar at a range of 2,700 yards (2,500 m). Website Satisfaction Survey The pressure hull is ruptured and accessible at multiple points. The vessels were joint players in one of the final acts of the Battle of the North Atlantic during World War II. Roper not only had the advantage of more surface artillery but were also able to reach their guns sooner. Diving U-85is the closest that many of us will come to experiencing what it was like during a World War II naval battle, says NOAA archaeologist Tane Casserley. Rod Mather, University of Rhode Island Applied History Lab. Sie wurden am nchsten Tag von den Briten aufgenommen. Abrams, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: U-352, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: the Tamaulipas, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: U-701, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: W.E. Eck was forced to run aground on a coral reef (.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}932N 5059E / 9.533N 50.983E / 9.533; 50.983Coordinates: 932N 5059E / 9.533N 50.983E / 9.533; 50.983) about 20km (12mi) from shore. This month well visit the E. M. Clark. Jan. Eck and his officers were the only Kriegsmarine submariners to be tried for war crimes at the end of World War II in Europe. Stations, the only U-boat War Criminal with the flotilla, and the... Age 26, was killed when U-124was sunk with all the survivors were killed on. 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